Hamdy Tamer M, Galal Manar, Ismail Amira Galal, Abdelraouf Rasha M
Restorative and Dental Materials Department, National Research Centre (NRC), El Bohouth St., 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019 Oct 13;7(21):3647-3654. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.811. eCollection 2019 Nov 15.
Contemporary nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments had a revolutionary impact on the success of root canal treatment.
To evaluate the flexibility, microstructure and elemental analysis of four different recent NiTi rotary instruments, namely; Wave One Gold, TF adaptive, HyFlex EDM and Gr_Reciproc Blue compared to conventional Protaper Universal (F2).
The NiTi rotary files were subjected to cantilever bending test to evaluate their flexibility. The microstructural characteristics and elemental analysis were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX).
The TF adaptive, HyFlex EDM and Wave One Gold endodontic files showed significantly lower cantilever bending values (i.e., higher flexibility) than Protaper F2 and Gr_Reciproc Blue (p < 0.05). The SEM micrographs showed that the bulk of all examined files showed multiple striations due to the cutting process, on the other hand, their external surfaces were different: The Protaper Universal F2 showed multiple voids, while the TF Adaptive surface exhibited more uniform structure. The Hyflex EDM had a crater-like surface, whereas Wave one Gold showed machining grooves with minimum defects, while Reciproc Blue displayed machining grooves with random scratch lines. There was a significant difference in bulk and surface elemental analysis of the various examined files, yet composed mainly of the same elements.
Chemical composition, heat treatment, manufacturing process and geometrical design of the NiTi rotary instrument have a great influence on their flexibility and microstructure.
当代镍钛（NiTi）旋转式根管治疗器械对根管治疗的成功产生了革命性影响。
评估四种不同的新型NiTi旋转器械，即Wave One Gold、TF adaptive、HyFlex EDM和Gr_Reciproc Blue与传统的Protaper Universal（F2）相比的柔韧性、微观结构和元素分析。
对NiTi旋转锉进行悬臂弯曲试验以评估其柔韧性。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDX）检查微观结构特征和元素分析。
TF adaptive、HyFlex EDM和Wave One Gold根管锉的悬臂弯曲值显著低于Protaper F2和Gr_Reciproc Blue（即柔韧性更高）（p < 0.05）。SEM显微照片显示，所有检查锉的主体由于切割过程均显示出多条条纹，另一方面，它们的外表面不同：Protaper Universal F2显示出多个空隙，而TF Adaptive表面呈现出更均匀的结构。Hyflex EDM有类似火山口的表面，而Wave one Gold显示出加工槽且缺陷最少，而Reciproc Blue显示出带有随机划痕线的加工槽。各种检查锉的主体和表面元素分析存在显著差异，但主要由相同元素组成。
NiTi旋转器械的化学成分、热处理、制造工艺和几何设计对其柔韧性和微观结构有很大影响。
