Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
University of Aberdeen, the Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2020 May;79(2):225-235. doi: 10.1017/S0029665120000014. Epub 2020 Feb 4.
Food phytochemicals are increasingly considered to play a key role in the cardiometabolic health effects of plant foods. However, the heterogeneity in responsiveness to their intake frequently observed in clinical trials can hinder the beneficial effects of these compounds in specific subpopulations. A range of factors, including genetic background, gut microbiota, age, sex and health status, could be involved in these interindividual variations; however, the current knowledge is limited and fragmented. The European network, European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)-POSITIVe, has analysed, in a systematic way, existing knowledge with the aim to better understand the factors responsible for the interindividual variation in response to the consumption of the major families of plant food bioactives, regarding their bioavailability and bioefficacy. If differences in bioavailability, likely reflecting differences in human subjects' genetics or in gut microbiota composition and functionality, are believed to underpin much of the interindividual variability, the key molecular determinants or microbial species remain to be identified. The systematic analysis of published studies conducted to assess the interindividual variation in biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk suggested some factors (such as adiposity and health status) as involved in between-subject variation. However, the contribution of these factors is not demonstrated consistently across the different compounds and biological outcomes and would deserve further investigations. The findings of the network clearly highlight that the human subjects' intervention studies published so far are not adequate to investigate the relevant determinants of the absorption/metabolism and biological responsiveness. They also emphasise the need for a new generation of intervention studies designed to capture this interindividual variation.
植物食物中的食品植物化学物质被认为在心脏代谢健康效应中起着关键作用。然而，临床试验中经常观察到对其摄入的反应存在异质性，这可能会阻碍这些化合物在特定亚人群中的有益作用。一系列因素，包括遗传背景、肠道微生物群、年龄、性别和健康状况，可能与这些个体间的差异有关；然而，目前的知识是有限和分散的。欧洲网络，欧洲科学技术合作组织（COST）-POSITIVe，以系统的方式分析了现有的知识，旨在更好地了解导致个体对植物食物生物活性主要家族的消耗反应产生个体间差异的因素，这些生物活性与生物利用度和生物功效有关。如果生物利用率的差异，可能反映了人类受试者的遗传差异或肠道微生物群落组成和功能的差异，是个体间变异性的基础，那么关键的分子决定因素或微生物物种仍有待确定。对评估心脏代谢风险生物标志物个体间变异性的已发表研究的系统分析表明，一些因素（如肥胖和健康状况）与个体间变异性有关。然而，这些因素的贡献在不同的化合物和生物学结果中并不一致，需要进一步研究。该网络的研究结果清楚地表明，迄今为止发表的人类干预研究不足以研究吸收/代谢和生物学反应的相关决定因素。它们还强调需要开展新一代的干预研究，以捕捉这种个体间的变异性。
