University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK.
Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France.
Curr Urol Rep. 2020 Feb 3;21(1):6. doi: 10.1007/s11934-020-0968-3.
The role of the mineral constituents in water and their role in kidney stone disease (KSD) have been a long-standing subject of debate. The aim of our systematic review was to evaluate the relevance of different types of water in stone disease.
Studies to date have had varying results regarding the importance of hardness of water which is mostly determined by its calcium content. Other elements including magnesium and bicarbonate also play a crucial role in prevention of renal stones. Patients with stone disease are provided varying advice due to a lack of consensus on the types of water recommended. Increased fluid intake prevents stone formation. Our review of the literature suggests that hard water and bottled mineral water might be helpful for calcium stone formers. High calcium content in them leads to hypercalciuria; however, other factors also influence stone formation and the overall impact seems to be a reduction in calcium stone formation. The mineral content varies across different water types but high magnesium and bicarbonate content in water is also recommended for kidney stone patients.
水的矿物质成分及其在肾结石病（KSD）中的作用一直是一个长期存在的争议话题。我们的系统综述旨在评估不同类型水在结石病中的相关性。
迄今为止，关于水的硬度（主要由其钙含量决定）重要性的研究结果各不相同。其他元素，包括镁和碳酸氢盐，在预防肾结石方面也起着至关重要的作用。由于缺乏推荐水类型的共识，结石病患者得到的建议各不相同。增加液体摄入可预防结石形成。我们对文献的回顾表明，硬水和瓶装矿泉水可能对钙结石形成者有帮助。它们中的高钙含量导致高钙尿症；然而，其他因素也会影响结石形成，整体影响似乎是减少钙结石形成。不同类型的水中矿物质含量不同，但水中高镁和碳酸氢盐含量也推荐给肾结石患者。
