一项针对成年糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者的全国性调查的心理测量学特性：“疾病知识和信息需求-糖尿病（2017）”调查。
Psychometric properties of a nationwide survey for adults with and without diabetes: the "disease knowledge and information needs - diabetes mellitus (2017)" survey.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Berlin, Germany.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2020 Feb 6;20(1):192. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-8296-6.
BACKGROUND
In order to close existing information gaps on diabetes-related health perceptions, diabetes knowledge, and information-seeking behaviors among adults in Germany, a representative population-based survey targeting the German-speaking population 18 years and older with and without diabetes was conducted. The aim of the present work was to analyze the psychometric properties of the multi-item scales, applied in the survey in order to provide guidance for decisions on the use of these measurements for future research.
METHODS
Based on data from participants who completed the final survey (N = 1479 with known diabetes; N = 2327 without known diabetes) reliability and unidimensionality of multi-item scales were tested using Cronbach's Alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
RESULTS
Psychometric properties and model fit varied across scales. Cronbach's alpha values ranged from very good to unacceptable. Model fit indices suggested evidence of a single underlying factor in some but not all scales. Adequate reliability and at least mediocre model fit were found for diabetes distress and patient-provider-relationship in people with diabetes and for perceived level of information in individuals without diabetes. Scales revealing inacceptable reliability values or not suggesting unidimensionality were e.g. diabetes-related stigmatization in both individuals with and without diabetes, self-efficacy in individuals with diabetes, and perceived personal control in those without diabetes.
CONCLUSION
Based on results of the current study, some of the scales applied in the survey can be recommended for present and future analyses of the survey data and for future surveys (e.g. diabetes distress, patient-provider-relationship in people with diabetes). Other scales should be interpreted and used with caution (e.g. depressive symptoms in people with diabetes) while others should be reformulated, interpreted only as single items, or need further investigation (e.g. diabetes-related stigmatization in people with and without diabetes). Findings provide researchers the opportunity to evaluate diabetes-specific scales in population-based studies of adults with and without diabetes.
背景
为了填补德国成年人糖尿病相关健康认知、糖尿病知识和信息寻求行为方面的现有信息空白，对德语地区 18 岁及以上有或无糖尿病的人群进行了一项具有代表性的基于人群的调查。本研究的目的是分析应用于该调查的多项目量表的心理测量学特性，为未来研究中这些测量方法的使用提供决策依据。
方法
基于完成最终调查的参与者的数据（已知糖尿病患者 N=1479；无已知糖尿病患者 N=2327），使用克朗巴哈系数和验证性因素分析（CFA）来测试多项目量表的信度和单维性。
结果
心理测量特性和模型拟合因量表而异。克朗巴哈α值范围从非常好到不可接受。模型拟合指数表明，在一些但不是所有的量表中存在单一的潜在因素。在有糖尿病的患者中，糖尿病困扰和医患关系以及在无糖尿病的个体中感知的信息水平这两个量表具有足够的信度和至少中等的模型拟合。而在有和无糖尿病的个体中，糖尿病相关污名化、糖尿病患者的自我效能以及无糖尿病个体的感知个人控制等量表的可靠性值不可接受或不能显示单维性。
结论
基于本研究的结果，调查中应用的一些量表可推荐用于当前和未来对调查数据的分析，以及未来的调查（例如，糖尿病困扰，糖尿病患者的医患关系）。其他量表的解释和使用需要谨慎（例如，糖尿病患者的抑郁症状），而其他量表应重新制定，只能作为单项进行解释，或者需要进一步研究（例如，有和无糖尿病的个体中糖尿病相关污名化）。这些发现为研究人员提供了机会，可在有和无糖尿病的成年人的基于人群的研究中评估特定于糖尿病的量表。
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