Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Histology. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
Italian Group for Studying Autism-GISA, 25018 Brescia, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 4;17(3):944. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030944.
Neurodevelopmental lifelong pathologies defined by problems with social interaction, communication capacity and presence of repetitive/stereotyped clusters of behavior and interests are grouped under the definition of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD prevalence is still increasing, indicating the need to identify specific biomarkers and novel pharmacotherapies. Neuroinflammation and neuro-immune cross-talk dysregulation are specific hallmarks of ASD, offering the possibility of treating these disorders by stem cell therapy. Indeed, cellular strategies have been postulated, proposed and applied to ASD. However, less is known about the molecular action mechanisms of stem cells. As a possibility, the positive and restorative effects mediated by stem cells could be due to their paracrine activity, by which stem cells produce and release several ameliorative and anti-inflammatory molecules. Among the secreted complex tools, exosomes are sub-organelles, enriched by RNA and proteins, that provide cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes could be the mediators of many stem cell-associated therapeutic activities. This review article describes the potential role of exosomes in alleviating ASD symptoms.
由社交互动问题、沟通能力以及存在重复/刻板行为和兴趣集群定义的神经发育性终身病理学被归类为自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD)。ASD 的患病率仍在上升，表明需要确定特定的生物标志物和新的药物治疗方法。神经炎症和神经免疫交叉对话失调是 ASD 的特定标志，为通过干细胞疗法治疗这些疾病提供了可能性。事实上，已经提出、提出并应用了细胞策略来治疗 ASD。然而，关于干细胞的分子作用机制知之甚少。作为一种可能性，由干细胞介导的积极和恢复性作用可能是由于它们的旁分泌活性，其中干细胞产生和释放几种改善和抗炎分子。在分泌的复杂工具中，外泌体是富含 RNA 和蛋白质的亚细胞器，提供细胞间通讯。外泌体可能是许多与干细胞相关的治疗活动的介导物。这篇综述文章描述了外泌体在缓解 ASD 症状方面的潜在作用。
