An Item-Level Analysis for Detecting Faking on Personality Tests: Appropriateness of Ideal Point Item Response Theory Models.

How to detect faking on personality measures has been investigated using various methods and procedures. As previous findings are mixed and rarely based on ideal point item response theory models, additional research is needed for further exploration. This study modeled the responses of personality tests using ideal point method across instructed faking and honest responding conditions. A sample of undergraduate students participated the within-subjects measures to examine how the item location parameter derived from the generalized graded unfolding model changed, and how individuals' perception about items changed when faked. The mean test scores of faking group was positively correlated to the magnitude of within-subjects score change. The item-level analysis revealed both conscientiousness items (18.8%) and neuroticism items (50.0%) appeared significant shifts on item parameters, suggesting that response pattern changed from honest to faking conditions. The direction of the change appeared both in positive and negative way, demonstrating that faking could increase or decrease personality factor scores. The results indicated that the changes of perceptions on items could be operated by faking, offering some support for the ideal point model to be an adequate measure for detecting faking. However, the findings of diagnostic accuracy analysis also implied that the appropriateness of ideal point models for detecting faking should be under consideration, also be used with caution. Implications, further research directions, and limitations are discussed.