Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;74(1):363-376. doi: 10.3233/JAD-191114.
Active lifestyles are related to better cognitive aging outcomes, yet the unique role of different types of activity are unknown.
To examine the independent contributions of physical (PA) versus cognitive (CA) leisure activities to brain and cognitive aging.
Independent samples of non-demented older adults from University of California, San Francisco Hillblom Aging Network (UCSF; n = 344 typically aging) and University of California, Davis Diversity cohort (UCD; n = 485 normal to MCI) completed: 1) self-reported engagement in current PA and CA (UCSF: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly and Cognitive Activity Scale; UCD: Life Experiences Assessment Form); 2) neuropsychological batteries; and 3) neuroimaging total gray matter volume, white matter hyperintensities, and/or global fractional anisotropy. PA and CA were simultaneously entered into multivariable linear regression models, adjusting for demographic characteristics and functional impairment severity.
Brain outcomes: In UCSF, only PA was positively associated with gray matter volume and attenuated the relationship between age and fractional anisotropy. In UCD, only CA was associated with less white matter hyperintensities and attenuated the relationship between age and gray matter volume. Cognitive outcomes: In both cohorts, greater CA, but not PA, related to better cognition, independent of age and brain structure. In UCSF, CA attenuated the relationship between fractional anisotropy and cognition. In UCD, PA attenuated the association between white matter hyperintensities and cognition.
Although their specificity was not easily teased apart, both PA and CA are clearly related to better brain and cognitive resilience markers across cohorts with differing educational, racial, and disease statuses. PA and CA may independently contribute to converging neuroprotective pathways for brain and cognitive aging.
积极的生活方式与更好的认知老化结果相关，但不同类型活动的独特作用尚不清楚。
研究身体活动（PA）与认知活动（CA）对大脑和认知老化的独立贡献。
来自加利福尼亚大学旧金山希尔布洛姆老化网络（UCSF；n=344 例典型老化）和加利福尼亚大学戴维斯多样性队列（UCD；n=485 例正常至 MCI）的非痴呆老年人的独立样本完成了以下内容：1）当前 PA 和 CA 的自我报告参与情况（UCSF：老年人身体活动量表和认知活动量表；UCD：生活经历评估表）；2）神经心理学测试；3）神经影像学总灰质体积、白质高信号和/或整体各向异性分数。PA 和 CA 同时被纳入多变量线性回归模型，调整了人口统计学特征和功能损伤严重程度。
大脑结果：在 UCSF 中，只有 PA 与灰质体积呈正相关，并减弱了年龄与各向异性分数之间的关系。在 UCD 中，只有 CA 与较少的白质高信号相关，并减弱了年龄与灰质体积之间的关系。认知结果：在两个队列中，更多的 CA，但不是 PA，与认知能力的提高有关，与年龄和大脑结构无关。在 UCSF 中，CA 减弱了各向异性分数与认知之间的关系。在 UCD 中，PA 减弱了白质高信号与认知之间的关联。
尽管它们的特异性不容易区分，但 PA 和 CA 显然与不同教育、种族和疾病状态的队列中的更好的大脑和认知弹性标志物相关。PA 和 CA 可能独立地促进大脑和认知老化的神经保护途径。
