Mostafa Sami, Pakvasa Mikhail, Coalson Elam, Zhu Allen, Alverdy Alex, Castillo Hector, Fan Jiaming, Li Alex, Feng Yixiao, Wu Di, Bishop Elliott, Du Scott, Spezia Mia, Li Alissa, Hagag Ofir, Deng Alison, Liu Winny, Li Mingyang, Ho Sherwin S, Athiviraham Aravind, Lee Michael J, Wolf Jennifer Moriatis, Ameer Guillermo A, Luu Hue H, Haydon Rex C, Strelzow Jason, Hynes Kelly, He Tong-Chuan, Reid Russell R
The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Genes Dis. 2019 Jul 24;6(3):201-223. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.003. eCollection 2019 Sep.
Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initially showed effective induction of ectopic bone growth in muscle, it has since been determined that these proteins, as members of the TGF-β superfamily, play a diverse and critical array of biological roles. These roles include regulating skeletal and bone formation, angiogenesis, and development and homeostasis of multiple organ systems. Disruptions of the members of the TGF-β/BMP superfamily result in severe skeletal and extra-skeletal irregularities, suggesting high therapeutic potential from understanding this family of BMP proteins. Although it was once one of the least characterized BMPs, BMP9 has revealed itself to have the highest osteogenic potential across numerous experiments both and , with recent studies suggesting that the exceptional potency of BMP9 may result from unique signaling pathways that differentiate it from other BMPs. The effectiveness of BMP9 in inducing bone formation was recently revealed in promising experiments that demonstrated efficacy in the repair of critical sized cranial defects as well as compatibility with bone-inducing bio-implants, revealing the great translational promise of BMP9. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that, besides its osteogenic activity, BMP9 exerts a broad range of biological functions, including stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of BMP9 across biology and the body.
尽管骨形态发生蛋白（BMPs）最初显示出能有效诱导肌肉中异位骨生长，但后来人们确定，作为转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）超家族的成员，这些蛋白质发挥着多样且关键的一系列生物学作用。这些作用包括调节骨骼形成、血管生成以及多个器官系统的发育和稳态。TGF-β/BMP超家族成员的功能紊乱会导致严重的骨骼和骨骼外异常，这表明了解这一BMP蛋白质家族具有很高的治疗潜力。尽管BMP9曾经是特征描述最少的BMP之一，但在众多实验中它都显示出了最高的成骨潜力，最近的研究表明，BMP9的卓越效力可能源于使其与其他BMP不同的独特信号通路。BMP9在诱导骨形成方面的有效性最近在一些有前景的实验中得到了证实，这些实验证明了其在修复临界尺寸颅骨缺损方面的功效以及与骨诱导生物植入物的相容性，揭示了BMP9巨大的转化前景。此外，新出现的证据表明，除了其成骨活性外，BMP9还发挥着广泛的生物学功能，包括干细胞分化、血管生成、神经发生、肿瘤发生和代谢。本综述旨在总结我们目前对BMP9在生物学和人体中的认识。
