Wu Siyu, Huang Jianni, Huang Qiwen, Zhang Junsheng, Liu Jing, Xue Qian, Li Weiqiang, Liao Ming, Jiao Peirong
College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Microorganisms. 2020 Feb 7;8(2):224. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8020224.
Since 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 viruses have circulated in waterfowls and caused human infections in China, posing significant threats to the poultry industry and the public health. However, the genetics, pathogenicity and innate immune response of H5N6 HPAIVs in geese remain largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the genetic characteristic of the two H5N6 viruses (GS38 and DK09) isolated from apparently healthy domestic goose and duck in live poultry markets (LPMs) of Southern China in 2016. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the HA genes of the two H5N6 viruses belonged to clade 2.3.4.4 and were clustered into the MIX-like group. The MIX-like group viruses have circulated in regions such as China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. The NA genes of the two H5N6 viruses were classified into the Eurasian sublineage. The internal genes including PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS of the two H5N6 viruses derived from the MIX-like. Therefore, our results suggested that the two H5N6 viruses were reassortants of the H5N1 and H6N6 viruses and likely derived from the same ancestor. Additionally, we evaluated the pathogenicity and transmission of the two H5N6 viruses in domestic geese. Results showed that both the two viruses caused serious clinical symptoms in all inoculated geese and led to high mortality in these birds. Both the two viruses were transmitted efficiently to contact geese and caused lethal infection in these birds. Furthermore, we found that mRNA of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), interferons (IFNs), and stimulated genes (ISGs) exhibited different levels of activation in the lungs and spleens of the two H5N6 viruses-inoculated geese though did not protect these birds from H5N6 HPAIVs infection. Our results suggested that the clade 2.3.4.4 waterfowl-origin H5N6 HPAIVs isolated from LPMs of Southern China could cause high mortality in geese and innate immune-related genes were involved in the geese innate immune response to H5N6 HPAIVs infection. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the evolution, pathogenic variations of these viruses and enhance virological surveillance of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs in waterfowls in China.
自2014年以来，高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5N6病毒在中国水禽中传播并导致人类感染，对家禽业和公众健康构成重大威胁。然而，H5N6高致病性禽流感病毒在鹅中的遗传学、致病性和天然免疫反应仍 largely未知。在本研究中，我们分析了2016年从中国南方活禽市场（LPMs）中表面健康的家鹅和家鸭分离出的两种H5N6病毒（GS38和DK09）的遗传特征。系统发育分析表明，这两种H5N6病毒的血凝素（HA）基因属于2.3.4.4分支，并聚类到MIX样组。MIX样组病毒已在中国、日本、韩国和越南等地区传播。这两种H5N6病毒的神经氨酸酶（NA）基因被归类为欧亚亚系。这两种H5N6病毒的内部基因，包括PB2、PB1、PA、NP、M和NS，均源自MIX样。因此，我们的结果表明，这两种H5N6病毒是H5N1和H6N6病毒的重组体，可能源自同一祖先。此外，我们评估了这两种H5N6病毒在家鹅中的致病性和传播性。结果表明，这两种病毒在所有接种的鹅中均引起严重的临床症状，并导致这些禽类的高死亡率。这两种病毒均有效地传播给接触的鹅，并在这些禽类中引起致死性感染。此外，我们发现模式识别受体（PRRs）、干扰素（IFNs）和刺激基因（ISGs）的信使核糖核酸（mRNA）在接种这两种H5N6病毒的鹅的肺和脾中表现出不同程度的激活，尽管这并未保护这些禽类免受H5N6高致病性禽流感病毒的感染。我们的结果表明，从中国南方活禽市场分离出的2.3.4.4分支水禽源H5N6高致病性禽流感病毒可导致鹅的高死亡率，且天然免疫相关基因参与了鹅对H5N6高致病性禽流感病毒感染的天然免疫反应。因此，我们应更加关注这些病毒的进化、致病性变异，并加强对中国水禽中2.3.4.4分支H5N6高致病性禽流感病毒的病毒学监测。
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