Ersoz Huseyinsinoglu Burcu, Tufekcioglu Zeynep, Birinci Tansu, Demirdag Filiz
Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey.
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydın University, Turkey.
J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2021;44(2):E132-E137. doi: 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000260.
The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) was originally developed in English to determine the level of fear of falling and its interactions with activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the SAFE instrument into Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties.
One hundred eleven older adults (72 females) with a mean age of 69 years (SD = 7.22; range, 60-87) were included.
For cross-cultural adaptation, 2 bilingual translators used the back-translation procedure. Within a 5- to 7-day period after the first assessment, the participants completed the Turkish version of the SAFE (SAFE-T) to evaluate test-retest reliability. Cronbach's α was used to assess internal consistency. The correlation with the Turkish version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-T) was determined to check the validity.
The SAFE-T had excellent internal consistency (α = 0.96) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC2,1] = 0.96 for activity level, ICC2,1 = 0.95 for fear of falling, and ICC2,1 = 0.86 for activity restriction subscales). The SAFE-T activity level and SAFE-T activity restriction subscales were moderately correlated with the FES-I (ρ = -0.51, P < .001; ρ = 0.55, P < .001, respectively). A strong positive correlation was found between the SAFE-T fear of falling subscale and the FES-I (ρ = 0.75, P < .001), indicating good concurrent validity.
The results show that the SAFE-T is semantically and linguistically adequate to assess the fear of falling in adults older than 60 years. Excellent internal validity and test-retest reliability of the SAFE-T were defined to evaluate the fear of falling among Turkish speaking older adults.
老年人活动与跌倒恐惧调查（SAFE）最初以英文编制，用于确定跌倒恐惧水平及其与日常生活活动的相互关系。本研究的目的是将SAFE工具翻译成土耳其语并进行跨文化调适，同时调查其心理测量学特性。
纳入了111名老年人（72名女性），平均年龄69岁（标准差=7.22；范围60 - 87岁）。
为进行跨文化调适，2名双语翻译人员采用了回译程序。在首次评估后的5至7天内，参与者完成了土耳其语版的SAFE（SAFE-T）以评估重测信度。使用Cronbach's α评估内部一致性。通过与土耳其语版国际跌倒效能量表（FES-T）的相关性来检验效度。
SAFE-T具有出色的内部一致性（α = 0.96）和重测信度（组内相关系数[ICC2,1]：活动水平为0.96，跌倒恐惧为0.95，活动受限子量表为0.86）。SAFE-T活动水平和SAFE-T活动受限子量表与FES-I呈中度相关（分别为ρ = -0.51，P <.001；ρ = 0.55，P <.001）。SAFE-T跌倒恐惧子量表与FES-I之间发现强正相关（ρ = 0.75，P <.001），表明具有良好的同时效度。
结果表明，SAFE-T在语义和语言上足以评估60岁以上成年人的跌倒恐惧。定义了SAFE-T出色的内部效度和重测信度，以评估说土耳其语的老年人中的跌倒恐惧。
