Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21 (ed. 7), I-80126 Naples, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Apr 10;712:135625. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135625. Epub 2019 Nov 20.
Recently, many studies highlighted the consistent finding of irbesartan in effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and in some rivers and lakes in both Europe and North America, suggesting that no >80% can be removed by specific treatments. The present investigation attempts to study the chemical fate of irbesartan in a simulated chlorination step, mimicking the conditions of a WWTP. A total of six disinfection by-products were identified, five were completely new, and separated on a C-18 column by employing a gradient HPLC method. Initially, a complete mass fragmentation pathway of the drug was established with the help of MS/TOF, and subsequently, the disinfection by-products were subjected to MS/TOF mass studies to obtain their mass and fragment pattern. The MS results helped to assign tentative structures to the disinfection products, which were verified through 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The chemical structures of the new compounds have been justified by a proposed mechanism of formation. A preliminary ecotoxicity assessment with the crustacean Daphnia magna showed that some of the identified by-products were up to 12-times more toxic than irbesartan.
最近，许多研究都强调了在废水处理厂（WWTP）的废水中以及欧洲和北美的一些河流和湖泊中都存在厄贝沙坦，这表明特殊处理无法去除超过 80%的厄贝沙坦。本研究试图在模拟氯化步骤中研究厄贝沙坦的化学命运，模拟 WWTP 的条件。总共鉴定出六种消毒副产物，其中五种是全新的，通过采用 HPLC 梯度洗脱法在 C-18 柱上进行了分离。最初，在 MS/TOF 的帮助下建立了药物的完整质谱裂解途径，随后对消毒副产物进行了 MS/TOF 质谱研究，以获得它们的质量和碎片模式。MS 结果有助于对消毒产物进行暂定结构的分配，并通过 1D 和 2D NMR 实验进行验证。通过提出的形成机制证明了新化合物的化学结构。利用甲壳类动物水蚤进行的初步生态毒性评估表明，所鉴定的一些副产物的毒性比厄贝沙坦高 12 倍。
