Sánchez-López Elena, Gomes Daniela, Esteruelas Gerard, Bonilla Lorena, Lopez-Machado Ana Laura, Galindo Ruth, Cano Amanda, Espina Marta, Ettcheto Miren, Camins Antoni, Silva Amélia M, Durazzo Alessandra, Santini Antonello, Garcia Maria L, Souto Eliana B
Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Feb 9;10(2):292. doi: 10.3390/nano10020292.
Metal-based nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for a set of biomedical applications. According to the World Health Organization, in addition to their reduced size and selectivity for bacteria, metal-based nanoparticles have also proved to be effective against pathogens listed as a priority. Metal-based nanoparticles are known to have non-specific bacterial toxicity mechanisms (they do not bind to a specific receptor in the bacterial cell) which not only makes the development of resistance by bacteria difficult, but also broadens the spectrum of antibacterial activity. As a result, a large majority of metal-based nanoparticles efficacy studies performed so far have shown promising results in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this review has been a comprehensive discussion of the state of the art on the use of the most relevant types of metal nanoparticles employed as antimicrobial agents. A special emphasis to silver nanoparticles is given, while others (e.g., gold, zinc oxide, copper, and copper oxide nanoparticles) commonly used in antibiotherapy are also reviewed. The novelty of this review relies on the comparative discussion of the different types of metal nanoparticles, their production methods, physicochemical characterization, and pharmacokinetics together with the toxicological risk encountered with the use of different types of nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents. Their added-value in the development of alternative, more effective antibiotics against multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria has been highlighted.
基于金属的纳米颗粒已被广泛研究用于一系列生物医学应用。根据世界卫生组织的说法，除了尺寸减小和对细菌具有选择性外，基于金属的纳米颗粒还被证明对列为优先事项的病原体有效。已知基于金属的纳米颗粒具有非特异性细菌毒性机制（它们不与细菌细胞中的特定受体结合），这不仅使细菌难以产生耐药性，而且还拓宽了抗菌活性谱。因此，迄今为止进行的大多数基于金属的纳米颗粒功效研究在革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌中均显示出有前景的结果。本综述的目的是全面讨论用作抗菌剂的最相关类型金属纳米颗粒的使用现状。特别强调了银纳米颗粒，同时也综述了抗菌治疗中常用的其他纳米颗粒（例如金、氧化锌、铜和氧化铜纳米颗粒）。本综述的新颖之处在于对不同类型金属纳米颗粒、它们的生产方法、物理化学表征、药代动力学以及使用不同类型纳米颗粒作为抗菌剂时遇到的毒理学风险进行了比较讨论。强调了它们在开发针对多重耐药革兰氏阴性菌的替代、更有效抗生素方面的附加值。
