Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Biomed Eng Online. 2020 Feb 12;19(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12938-020-0752-0.
The organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) is in the list of top 10 emerging technologies and refers to a physiological organ biomimetic system built on a microfluidic chip. Through a combination of cell biology, engineering, and biomaterial technology, the microenvironment of the chip simulates that of the organ in terms of tissue interfaces and mechanical stimulation. This reflects the structural and functional characteristics of human tissue and can predict response to an array of stimuli including drug responses and environmental effects. OOAC has broad applications in precision medicine and biological defense strategies. Here, we introduce the concepts of OOAC and review its application to the construction of physiological models, drug development, and toxicology from the perspective of different organs. We further discuss existing challenges and provide future perspectives for its application.
器官芯片（Organ-on-a-chip，OOAC）位列十大新兴技术之列，是指构建在微流控芯片上的类生理器官仿生系统。通过细胞生物学、工程学和生物材料技术的结合，芯片模拟器官的组织界面和机械刺激等微环境。这反映了人体组织的结构和功能特征，并能预测对包括药物反应和环境影响在内的一系列刺激的反应。OOAC 在精准医学和生物防御策略中有广泛的应用。在这里，我们介绍了 OOAC 的概念，并从不同器官的角度综述了其在构建生理模型、药物开发和毒理学方面的应用。我们进一步讨论了其应用所面临的挑战和未来展望。
