Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO.
Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS, Atlanta, GA.
J Med Entomol. 2020 Jul 4;57(4):1141-1148. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjaa008.
The invasive, human-biting Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, is establishing in the United States. This tick is a threat to public health in its native range in Asia, serving as a vector of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and Rickettsia japonica, the agent of Japanese spotted fever. However, there is a lack of published information specifically for H. longicornis concerning the efficacy of generally recommended personal tick bite prevention measures. We, therefore, evaluated permethrin-treated clothing and formulated human skin repellent products, representing the six repellent active ingredients generally recommended for tick bite prevention by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), against H. longicornis nymphs from a colony established with adult ticks collected in New York state. Reluctance of H. longicornis nymphs to stay in contact with nontreated human skin precluded the use of a human skin bioassay to optimally evaluate repellency. In a Petri dish choice bioassay, all tested product formulations were highly effective with estimated repellencies ranging from 93 to 97%. In addition, we observed strong contact irritancy of a summer-weight permethrin-treated garment against H. longicornis nymphs, with 96% of introduced ticks dislodging from the vertically oriented textile within 3 min. These preliminary studies indicate that personal tick bite prevention measures currently recommended by the CDC are effective against the invasive H. longicornis. However, additional studies are needed to explore the efficacy of the evaluated products against different life stages of H. longicornis, as well as ticks collected in the field rather than reared in the laboratory.
具有侵袭性、叮咬人类的亚洲长角血蜱，Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann，正在美国建立种群。这种蜱虫在其亚洲原生地对公共卫生构成威胁，是严重发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒和日本立克次体的传播媒介，后者是日本斑疹热的病原体。然而，关于一般推荐的个人蜱虫叮咬预防措施对 H. longicornis 的效果，目前缺乏发表的信息。因此，我们评估了经氯菊酯处理的衣物和六种一般推荐用于蜱虫叮咬预防的、代表美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的人体皮肤驱虫剂产品，针对从纽约州采集的成年蜱虫建立的幼虫种群。由于 H. longicornis 幼虫不愿意与未经处理的人体皮肤接触，因此无法使用人体皮肤生物测定法来最佳评估驱避效果。在培养皿选择生物测定中，所有测试的产品配方都非常有效，估计驱避率在 93%至 97%之间。此外，我们观察到夏季重量的经氯菊酯处理的衣物对 H. longicornis 幼虫具有强烈的接触刺激性，96%的引入蜱虫在 3 分钟内从垂直定向的纺织品上脱落。这些初步研究表明，CDC 目前推荐的个人蜱虫叮咬预防措施对具有侵袭性的 H. longicornis 有效。然而，需要进一步的研究来探索评估产品对 H. longicornis 不同生活阶段以及在野外采集而不是在实验室中饲养的蜱虫的效果。
