Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, United States.
Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, United States.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2017 Oct;8(6):837-849. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.06.010. Epub 2017 Jul 1.
Summer-weight clothing articles impregnated with permethrin are available as a personal protective measure against human-biting ticks in the United States. However, very few studies have addressed the impact of contact with summer-weight permethrin-treated textiles on tick vigor and behavior. Our aim was to generate new knowledge of how permethrin-treated textiles impact nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks, the primary vectors in the eastern United States of the causative agents of Lyme disease, human anaplasmosis, and human babesiosis. We developed a series of bioassays designed to: (i) clarify whether permethrin-treated textiles impact ticks through non-contact spatial repellency or contact irritancy; (ii) evaluate the ability of ticks to remain in contact with vertically oriented permethrin-treated textiles, mimicking contact with treated clothing on arms or legs; and (iii) determine the impact of timed exposure to permethrin-treated textiles on the ability of ticks to move and orient toward a human finger stimulus, thus demonstrating normal behavior. Our results indicate that permethrin-treated textiles provide minimal non-contact spatial repellency but strong contact irritancy against ticks, manifesting as a "hot-foot" effect and resulting in ticks actively dislodging from contact with vertically oriented treated textile. Preliminary data suggest that the contact irritancy hot-foot response may be weaker for field-collected nymphs as compared with laboratory-reared nymphs placed upon permethrin-treated textile. We also demonstrate that contact with permethrin-treated textiles negatively impacts the vigor and behavior of nymphal ticks for >24h, with outcomes ranging from complete lack of movement to impaired movement and unwillingness of ticks displaying normal movement to ascend onto a human finger. The protective effect of summer-weight permethrin-treated clothing against tick bites merits further study.
美国有出售含有氯菊酯的夏装衣物，可作为防蜱叮咬的个人防护措施。然而，仅有少量研究涉及到与夏装氯菊酯处理纺织品接触对蜱活力和行为的影响。我们的目的是生成关于氯菊酯处理纺织品如何影响幼年肩突硬蜱的新知识，这种蜱是造成美国东部莱姆病、人类无形体病和人类巴贝斯虫病病原体的主要媒介。我们开发了一系列生物测定方法，旨在：（i）阐明氯菊酯处理的纺织品是否通过非接触式空间驱避或接触性刺激来影响蜱；（ii）评估蜱保持与垂直定向氯菊酯处理纺织品接触的能力，模拟与手臂或腿部处理过的衣物接触；（iii）确定蜱暴露于氯菊酯处理纺织品的时间对其向人手指刺激移动和定向的能力的影响，从而表现出正常行为。我们的结果表明，氯菊酯处理的纺织品对蜱提供最小的非接触式空间驱避作用，但具有强烈的接触性刺激，表现为“热脚”效应，导致蜱主动从与垂直定向处理纺织品的接触中脱离。初步数据表明，与放置在氯菊酯处理纺织品上的实验室饲养的幼虫相比，野外采集的幼虫的接触性刺激热脚反应可能较弱。我们还表明，接触氯菊酯处理的纺织品会对幼蜱的活力和行为产生负面影响超过 24 小时，结果从完全不动到运动受损以及不愿表现正常运动的蜱不愿爬上人的手指不等。夏装氯菊酯处理衣物对蜱叮咬的保护作用值得进一步研究。
