Pfeffer Ines, Strobach Tilo
Medical School Hamburg, Faculty of Human Science, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
Int J Behav Med. 2020 Oct;27(5):506-519. doi: 10.1007/s12529-020-09864-x.
Planning and executive functions (EFs; inhibition, updating, shifting) are self-regulatory variables that help people to become and stay physically active. The aim of this study was to examine how and for whom a planning intervention affects physical activity (PA) behavior in the short term. Therefore, the mediating role of planning and the moderating role of intentions and EFs for the planning-behavior link were examined.
In a randomized control trial with two treatment groups (planning group vs. control group) and two points of measurement (t1 and t2, 1 week apart), n = 200 students participated in both measurements. At t1, participants filled in standardized questionnaires assessing PA behavior, intention, and planning. Computer-based tests assessed the following EFs: inhibition, updating, and shifting. At t2, planning and PA behavior were measured again. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted.
A significant increase in PA between t1 and t2 was found for the planning group compared with the control group. Furthermore, planning cognitions significantly mediated the effect of the planning group on behavior and intention, as well as the EF updating moderated the association between planning and behavior. Forming plans was particularly beneficial for participants with high intentions and lower updating performance.
Planning enhances PA behavior, particularly when PA intention is high. Poor performance in updating can be compensated by planning since encouraging people to generate plans might facilitate automatic enactment of the behavior.
计划和执行功能（执行功能包括抑制、更新、转换）是自我调节变量，有助于人们开始并保持身体活动。本研究旨在探讨计划干预如何以及对谁在短期内影响身体活动（PA）行为。因此，研究了计划的中介作用以及意图和执行功能在计划 - 行为联系中的调节作用。
在一项随机对照试验中，有两个治疗组（计划组与对照组）和两个测量点（t1和t2，相隔1周），n = 200名学生参与了两次测量。在t1时，参与者填写评估PA行为、意图和计划的标准化问卷。基于计算机的测试评估以下执行功能：抑制、更新和转换。在t2时，再次测量计划和PA行为。进行了调节中介分析。
与对照组相比，计划组在t1和t2之间的PA有显著增加。此外，计划认知显著中介了计划组对行为和意图的影响，并且执行功能更新调节了计划与行为之间的关联。制定计划对意图高且更新表现低的参与者特别有益。
计划可增强PA行为，特别是当PA意图较高时。由于鼓励人们制定计划可能有助于行为的自动执行，因此更新表现不佳可通过计划得到弥补。
