Faculty of Humanities, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Psychol Health Med. 2022 Jun;27(5):1021-1034. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1842472. Epub 2020 Nov 11.
Dual-process theories assume that physical activity (PA) behavior is regulated by two different processes: (i.e., automatic, fast) and (i.e., effortful, slow) processes. In this study we examined main effects as well as the interaction of reflective (intention and trait self-control)and impulsive (automaticity)processes on PA behavior. A prospective study with two points of measurement ( = 118 university students) was conducted. At t1, age, sex, past PA behavior (control variables), PA intention, automaticity and trait self-control (predictors) were assessed with standardized questionnaires. At t2 (4 weeks later), PA behavior (dependent variable) was measured with a standardized questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis revealed that automaticity was associated with PA behavior. The expected interaction effects Intention x Trait Self-control and Automaticity x Intention x Trait self-control on PA were significant. Moderation analyses revealed that PA intention has a significant positive association with PA behavior when trait self-control was higher compared to lower. Furthermore, automaticity has the strongest association with behavior when both intention and trait self-control where lower compared to higher. Our results underline the additive and interactive effects of impulsive and reflective processes in regulating PA behavior.
双过程理论假设，体育活动（PA）行为是由两种不同的过程调节的：（即自动的、快速的）和（即费力的、缓慢的）过程。在这项研究中，我们考察了反射（意图和特质自控）和冲动（自动性）过程对 PA 行为的主要影响以及它们之间的相互作用。这是一项前瞻性研究，有两个测量点（= 118 名大学生）。在 t1 时，使用标准化问卷评估了年龄、性别、过去的 PA 行为（控制变量）、PA 意图、自动性和特质自控（预测变量）。在 t2（4 周后），使用标准化问卷测量了 PA 行为（因变量）。分层多元线性回归分析显示，自动性与 PA 行为有关。预期的意图 x 特质自控和自动性 x 意图 x 特质自控对 PA 的交互作用效应显著。调节分析显示，与特质自控较低相比，当特质自控较高时，PA 意图与 PA 行为呈显著正相关。此外，当意图和特质自控都较低时，自动性与行为的关联最强。我们的结果强调了冲动和反射过程在调节 PA 行为中的累加和交互作用。
