Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Via Degli Aldobrandeschi, 190, 00163 Rome, Italy.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Piero Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy.
Biomed Res Int. 2020 Jan 30;2020:1742123. doi: 10.1155/2020/1742123. eCollection 2020.
Cognitive impairment has often been reported in scientific literature as a concern derived from chronic exposure to work-related stress. Organizational factors can contribute to the onset of this concern especially in a susceptible population such as elderly workers. The aim of our study was to review the last five years of scientific literature, focusing on experimental and epidemiological studies, possible mechanisms implicated in the onset of cognitive decline due to work-related stress, and the recent organizational strategies to prevent detrimental effects of stress on cognitive processes. A literature search was performed in scientific platforms Medline and Web of Science, by means of specific string search terms, restricting the search to the years of publication 2014-2019. Thirty-three articles were identified and qualitatively evaluated, reporting narratively the main point of interest. At this stage, six articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Only a few articles considered the population of the elderly workers, often with a short follow-up period. Strategies to manage stress with organizational procedures are scarce. Mechanisms implicated in the development of cognitive impairment due to stress are not fully explained and seem to include a chronical decrease in the inhibitory process of neurological pathways. Further research that focused on strategies to manage stress in elderly workers, with the aim of preventing cognitive impairment processes, is warranted.
认知障碍在科学文献中经常被报道为一种与慢性工作相关压力暴露有关的担忧。组织因素可能会导致这种担忧的发生，尤其是在易受影响的老年工人等人群中。我们的研究目的是回顾过去五年的科学文献，重点关注实验和流行病学研究，研究与工作相关的压力导致认知能力下降的可能机制，以及最近预防压力对认知过程产生不利影响的组织策略。通过特定的字符串搜索词，在科学平台 Medline 和 Web of Science 中进行文献检索，将搜索限制在 2014-2019 年的出版年份。确定了 33 篇文章并进行了定性评估，以叙述性方式报告了主要关注点。在这一阶段，有 6 篇文章因不符合纳入标准而被排除。只有少数几篇文章考虑了老年工人的人群，而且往往随访时间较短。用组织程序来管理压力的策略很少。压力导致认知障碍的机制尚未得到充分解释，似乎包括神经通路抑制过程的慢性下降。需要进一步研究针对老年工人的压力管理策略，以防止认知障碍的发生。
