Department of Epidemiology and Health Index, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 Feb 21;20(1):121. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-2798-1.
Caffeine can easily cross the placenta, and maternal caffeine intake, thus, has an effect on fetal growth. However, it is still unclear whether coffee consumption is an independent risk factor for bleeding in early pregnancy. The objective of this study was to examine the association between pre-pregnancy coffee consumption patterns and the risk of bleeding in early pregnancy.
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 3510 pregnant women from the Korean Pregnancy Outcome Study who underwent baseline examination and for whom the results of the pregnancy were available. Coffee consumption patterns before pregnancy were examined using a questionnaire. The participants were classified according to the frequency of coffee consumption into seldom (< 1 cup/week), light (< 1 cup/day), moderate (1 cup/day), and heavy coffee drinker (≥2 cups/day) groups. Bleeding in early pregnancy was defined as the occurrence of vaginal bleeding in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between pre-pregnancy coffee consumption and the risk of bleeding in early pregnancy, after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption behavior, previous and current physical activity levels, stress levels, history of depression, antenatal depressive symptoms during the first trimester, type of emesis, parity, and the number of livebirths, stillbirths, miscarriages, and abortions.
Women who were light, moderate, and heavy coffee drinkers before pregnancy had adjusted ORs of 1.086, 1.225, and 1.358, respectively, for bleeding in early pregnancy. In a fully adjusted model, heavy coffee drinkers showed a significantly higher risk of bleeding in early pregnancy, even in women aged 35 years and younger (OR 1.680) and in those with a normal body mass index (OR 1.389), who were at relatively low risk for pregnancy-related complications.
Our results showed that heavy coffee drinking was independently associated with a higher risk of bleeding in early pregnancy among pregnant Korean women, suggesting that caffeine intake before conception and during pregnancy should be reduced. Our study highlights the need for nutritional interventions for healthy coffee drinking among pregnant women in Korea.
咖啡因很容易穿过胎盘，因此母亲的咖啡因摄入量会对胎儿的生长产生影响。然而，目前尚不清楚喝咖啡是否是导致早孕出血的独立危险因素。本研究旨在探讨妊娠前咖啡摄入模式与早孕出血风险之间的关系。
对参加韩国妊娠结局研究的 3510 名孕妇进行了横断面分析，这些孕妇在基线检查时接受了检查，并且可以获得妊娠结果。使用问卷检查了妊娠前的咖啡摄入模式。根据咖啡摄入频率将参与者分为很少（<1 杯/周）、轻度（<1 杯/天）、中度（1 杯/天）和重度咖啡饮用者（≥2 杯/天）组。早孕出血定义为妊娠 20 周前发生的阴道出血。应用多因素 logistic 回归模型，在校正年龄、体重指数（BMI）、收缩压、吸烟和饮酒行为、既往和当前体力活动水平、压力水平、抑郁史、孕早期产前抑郁症状、呕吐类型、产次、活产数、死胎数、流产数和堕胎数后，探讨妊娠前咖啡摄入与早孕出血风险之间的关系。
妊娠前轻度、中度和重度咖啡饮用者发生早孕出血的调整比值比（OR）分别为 1.086、1.225 和 1.358。在完全调整模型中，重度咖啡饮用者在早孕出血方面的风险明显更高，即使是年龄在 35 岁及以下（OR 1.680）和 BMI 正常（OR 1.389）的女性，这些女性发生妊娠相关并发症的风险相对较低。
我们的研究结果表明，妊娠前大量喝咖啡与韩国孕妇早孕出血的风险增加独立相关，提示在受孕前和妊娠期间应减少咖啡因的摄入。本研究强调了在韩国对孕妇进行健康喝咖啡营养干预的必要性。
