Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; Department of Agriculture, University of Patras, Theodoropoulou Str, 27200 Amaliada, Greece.
Phytochemistry. 2020 Jun;174:112290. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112290. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
Hypericum perforatum has plenty of uses in traditional medicine and is the source of top-selling herbal drugs and food supplements. The secondary metabolite chemistry for most of the nearly 500 Hypericum taxa is still unknown, even though they are used interchangeably. In the present study, we characterized four Hypericum populations from Achaia, Greece, belonging to H. perforatum ssp. veronense, H. perfoliatum, H. triquetrifolium, and an uninvestigated taxon, H. empetrifolium ssp. empetrifolium, in terms of their essential oils and polar bioactives in methanolic extracts via GC-MS, LC-HRMS, LC-DAD-MS, and HPLC-DAD. We also performed sequence analysis of nrITS to explore the genetic profile of these taxa and to examine whether their genotype is correlated to the metabolome. Sixty-three non-volatile compounds, phloroglucinols in their majority, and over one hundred (113) volatiles, mostly sesqui- and mono- terpenes, were detected. The concentration of the major polar constituents varied greatly among samples. In particular, phloroglucinols' diversity and abundance in H. empetrifolium ssp. empetrifolium was remarkable. The PCA and Biplot analysis revealed the contribution of each compound to the total chemodiversity and also revealed certain compounds that contribute to the discrimination of the samples. Sequence analysis of nrITS revealed different genetic profiles and markers which can be used for the identification of the four Hypericum taxa. The Mantel test showed a relatively strong correlation between the genetic profile and the volatile compounds and low with the main polar metabolites.
贯叶金丝桃在传统医学中有广泛的用途，是畅销的草药药物和食品补充剂的来源。尽管它们可以互换使用，但对于近 500 种贯叶金丝桃属植物中的大多数，其次生代谢化学仍未知。在本研究中，我们根据其精油和甲醇提取物中的极性生物活性，通过 GC-MS、LC-HRMS、LC-DAD-MS 和 HPLC-DAD 对来自希腊阿哈伊亚的四个贯叶金丝桃种群进行了表征，这四个种群属于贯叶金丝桃亚种 veronense、贯叶连翘、三叶贯叶金丝桃和一个未经研究的分类群贯叶金丝桃 empetrifolium 亚种 empetrifolium。我们还对 nrITS 进行了序列分析，以探讨这些分类群的遗传特征，并研究它们的基因型是否与代谢组相关。共检测到 63 种非挥发性化合物，主要为联苯三酚类化合物，以及超过 113 种挥发性化合物，主要为倍半萜和单萜。主要极性成分的浓度在样品之间差异很大。特别是，贯叶金丝桃 empetrifolium 亚种 empetrifolium 中联苯三酚类化合物的多样性和丰度非常显著。PCA 和双标图分析揭示了每个化合物对总化学多样性的贡献，也揭示了某些化合物对样品的区分有贡献。nrITS 的序列分析显示了不同的遗传特征和标记，可用于鉴定这四个贯叶金丝桃属植物。Mantel 检验显示遗传特征与挥发性化合物之间存在较强的相关性，与主要极性代谢物的相关性较低。
