Miramini Saeed, Fegan Katie L, Green Naomi C, Espino Daniel M, Zhang Lihai, Thomas-Seale Lauren E J
Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2020 Mar;103:103544. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103544. Epub 2019 Nov 18.
The ability to fabricate complex structures via precise and heterogeneous deposition of biomaterials makes additive manufacturing (AM) a leading technology in the creation of implants and tissue engineered scaffolds. Connective tissues (CTs) remain attractive targets for manufacturing due to their "simple" tissue compositions that, in theory, are replicable through choice of biomaterial(s) and implant microarchitecture. Nevertheless, characterisation of the mechanical and biological functions of 3D printed constructs with respect to their host tissues is often limited and remains a restriction towards their translation into clinical practice. This review aims to provide an update on the current status of AM to mimic the mechanical properties of CTs, with focus on arterial tissue, articular cartilage and bone, from the perspective of printing platforms, biomaterial properties, and topological design. Furthermore, the grand challenges associated with the AM of CT replacements and their subsequent regulatory requirements are discussed to aid further development of reliable and effective implants.
通过生物材料的精确和异质沉积制造复杂结构的能力，使增材制造（AM）成为制造植入物和组织工程支架的领先技术。由于其“简单”的组织成分，结缔组织（CTs）仍然是制造的有吸引力的目标，理论上，通过选择生物材料和植入物微结构可以复制这些成分。然而，3D打印构建体相对于其宿主组织的机械和生物学功能的表征往往有限，这仍然是它们转化为临床实践的一个限制。本综述旨在从打印平台、生物材料特性和拓扑设计的角度，提供关于增材制造模拟结缔组织机械性能的现状的最新信息，重点关注动脉组织、关节软骨和骨骼。此外，还讨论了与结缔组织替代物的增材制造相关的重大挑战及其后续监管要求，以帮助进一步开发可靠和有效的植入物。
