Umhang Gérald, Possenti Alessia, Colamesta Vittoria, d'Aguanno Silvia, La Torre Giuseppe, Boué Franck, Casulli Adriano
ANSES, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology unit, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, B.P. 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France.
European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy.
Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2019 Mar 14;15:e00042. doi: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2019.e00042. eCollection 2019 Jun.
Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the tapeworm is one of the most dangerous zoonoses in the Northern hemisphere. In Europe, the parasite's life cycle is sylvatic, involving small rodents as intermediate hosts and red foxes as the major definitive hosts. Given the severity of this disease in humans and the high levels of environmental contamination with in endemic areas, it seems crucial to implement control measures in order to prevent human AE. This systematic review identifies previous anthelmintic control programs targeting in wild and domestic carnivores and evaluates the effectiveness of the different strategies implemented. A search through six databases identified 302 scientific papers for the period 1950-2015, of which only 17 were retained according to the inclusion criteria set. These 17 papers focused on control of by baiting foxes in highly endemic areas of Europe or Japan, with the exception of one study focused on dogs in Alaska. The papers highlighted differences in baiting types, baiting frequency, choice of control areas and length of treatment period. Overall, these studies resulted in a sharp and statistically significant decrease in parasite prevalence, confirmed by the absence of overlap between confidence intervals for the pooled risk differences of control and treated areas. A monthly baiting frequency was proven to be highly effective at decreasing prevalence in foxes, even in highly endemic areas and in a short period of time. Nevertheless, when foxes were not fully dewormed, the parasite showed a strong capacity to rapidly recover its initial prevalence. The fox baiting approach appears to be the most useful method for controlling the sylvatic life cycle of , but it require a cost/benefit analysis before it is likely to be accepted by stakeholders.
由绦虫引起的人体肺泡型棘球蚴病（AE）是北半球最危险的人畜共患病之一。在欧洲，该寄生虫的生命周期为野生动物循环型，涉及小型啮齿动物作为中间宿主，赤狐作为主要终末宿主。鉴于这种疾病对人类的严重性以及流行地区环境的高污染水平，实施控制措施以预防人体AE似乎至关重要。本系统评价确定了以往针对野生和家养食肉动物体内棘球绦虫的驱虫控制计划，并评估了所实施的不同策略的有效性。通过六个数据库进行检索，确定了1950年至2015年期间的302篇科学论文，根据设定的纳入标准仅保留了17篇。这17篇论文主要关注在欧洲或日本的高流行地区通过给狐狸投饵来控制棘球绦虫，只有一项研究关注阿拉斯加的狗。这些论文强调了诱饵类型、投饵频率、控制区域的选择和治疗期长度的差异。总体而言，这些研究导致寄生虫患病率急剧且在统计学上显著下降，控制区和治疗区合并风险差异的置信区间不存在重叠证实了这一点。事实证明，即使在高流行地区且在短时间内，每月投饵一次对降低狐狸体内棘球绦虫的患病率非常有效。然而，如果狐狸没有完全驱虫，寄生虫显示出很强的迅速恢复其初始患病率的能力。给狐狸投饵的方法似乎是控制棘球绦虫野生动物循环型的最有用方法，但在利益相关者可能接受之前需要进行成本效益分析。
