Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2020 Mar;38(1):19-28. doi: 10.12932/AP-100619-0579.
Air pollution contributes to an estimated six million deaths per year. Epidemiological and experimental studies show an association between air pollutant exposure and respiratory allergy.
We aimed to write a narrative review of the epidemiology of air pollution-related respiratory-related allergic disorders (including asthma and allergic rhinitis) and the effects of air pollutants - with an emphasis on the particulate matter - on respiratory allergy-related health.
PubMed Medline was searched, and representative epidemiologic and controlled-exposure studies were selected by using terms for air pollutants, particulate matter, and respiratory allergy including asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Epidemiological studies showed methodologic heterogeneity, including variability in study populations, geographical regions, types and sources of pollutants, methods for exposure estimation, approaches to controlling for confounding, and case definitions. This heterogeneity affected measures of association between studies. There is strong evidence to support an association between exposure to particulate matter and asthmatic exacerbations. Although data are inconclusive, several studies suggest exposure to particulate matter contributes to the development of asthma, allergic sensitization, and allergic rhinitis. Experimental studies, such as controlled-exposure studies, support a causal association between particulate matter and adverse health effects.
Particulate matter exposure can exacerbate pre-existing asthma and may contribute to developing asthma, allergic rhinitis, and aeroallergen sensitization. Short-term and long-term strategies are needed to reduce disease severity and prevent new-onset disease development. Additional research is needed to identify effective avoidance strategies and therapeutic approaches.
空气污染导致全球每年约有 600 万人死亡。流行病学和实验研究表明，空气污染暴露与呼吸道过敏之间存在关联。
我们旨在撰写一篇有关空气污染与呼吸道过敏相关疾病（包括哮喘和过敏性鼻炎）的流行病学综述，以及空气污染物（尤其是颗粒物）对呼吸道过敏相关健康的影响。
通过使用空气污染、颗粒物和呼吸道过敏（包括哮喘和过敏性鼻炎）相关术语，对 PubMed Medline 进行了搜索，并选择了具有代表性的流行病学和对照暴露研究。
流行病学研究显示出方法学的异质性，包括研究人群、地理区域、污染物类型和来源、暴露评估方法、混杂因素控制方法以及病例定义的差异。这种异质性影响了研究之间关联的衡量。有强有力的证据表明，颗粒物暴露与哮喘恶化之间存在关联。尽管数据尚无定论，但多项研究表明，颗粒物暴露会导致哮喘、过敏致敏和过敏性鼻炎的发生。实验研究，如对照暴露研究，支持颗粒物与不良健康影响之间存在因果关系。
颗粒物暴露可加重已有的哮喘，并可能导致哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和过敏原致敏的发生。需要采取短期和长期策略来降低疾病严重程度并预防新发病例的发生。需要进一步研究以确定有效的回避策略和治疗方法。
