Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2020 Feb 26;12(3):599. doi: 10.3390/nu12030599.
Slow eating may be beneficial in reducing energy intake although there is limited research quantifying eating rate. Perceived speed of eating was self-reported by 78 adults using a standard question "On a scale of 1-5 (very slow-very fast), how fast do you believe you eat?" Timing the completion of meals on three occasions was used to assess objective eating rate. The mean (SD) speeds of eating by self-reported categories were 49 (13.7), 42 (12.2), and 35 (10.5) g/min for fast, medium, and slow eaters, respectively. Within each self-reported category, the range of timed speed of eating resulted in considerable overlap between self-identified 'fast', 'medium' and 'slow' eaters. There was 47.4% agreement (fair) between self-reported speed of eating and the objective measure of eating rate ( = 0.219). Self-reported speed of eating was sufficient at a group level to detect a significant difference (10.9 g/min (95% CI: 2.7, 19.2 g/min, = 0.009)) between fast and slow; and fast and medium eaters (6.0 g/min (0.5, 11.6 g/min = 0.033)). The mean difference (95% CI) between slow and medium eaters was 4.9 (-3.4, 12.2) g/min ( = 0.250). At an individual level, self-report had poor sensitivity. Compared to objectively measured speed of eating, self-reported speed of eating was found to be an unreliable means of assessing an individual's eating rate. There are no standard protocols for assessing speed of eating or eating rate. Establishing such protocols would enable the development of population reference ranges across various demographic groups that may be applicable for public health messages and in clinical management.
缓慢进食可能有助于减少能量摄入，尽管目前关于进食速度的研究有限。78 名成年人使用标准问题“在 1-5 的量表中（非常慢-非常快），您认为自己的进食速度有多快？”自我报告了进食速度。三次用餐时间的评估用于评估客观进食速度。自我报告类别中的平均（SD）进食速度分别为 49（13.7）、42（12.2）和 35（10.5）g/min，分别为快速、中速和慢速进食者。在每个自我报告的类别中，定时进食速度的范围导致自我识别的“快速”、“中速”和“慢速”进食者之间存在很大的重叠。自我报告的进食速度与客观进食率测量值之间的一致性为 47.4%（一般）（ = 0.219）。自我报告的进食速度在群体水平上足以检测到快速和慢速进食者之间（10.9 g/min（95%CI：2.7, 19.2 g/min， = 0.009））和快速与中速进食者之间（6.0 g/min（0.5, 11.6 g/min， = 0.033））的显著差异。慢速和中速进食者之间的平均差异（95%CI）为 4.9（-3.4, 12.2）g/min（ = 0.250）。在个体水平上，自我报告的敏感性较差。与客观测量的进食速度相比，自我报告的进食速度被发现是评估个体进食速度的不可靠手段。目前还没有评估进食速度或进食率的标准方案。制定这些方案将使我们能够在各种人口群体中建立人口参考范围，这些范围可能适用于公共卫生信息和临床管理。
