Rehman Narmeen, Morais-Almeida Mário, Wu Ann Chen
Center for Healthcare Research in Pediatrics, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, Mass.
Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital, CUF Academic and Research Medical Center, Lisbon, Portugal.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020 Jun;8(6):1802-1807.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.02.011. Epub 2020 Feb 26.
Asthma affects nearly 6 million US children. Throughout childhood, children undergo a series of biological, developmental, and psychosocial changes. Thus, factors influencing a child's asthma management differ across 3 essential stages-early childhood (0-5 years), school-aged years (5-12 years), and adolescence (12-18 years)-and require varied intervention by parents, school personnel, clinicians, and the children themselves. Because asthma care in children is characterized by fluctuations in severity and coordination among many stakeholders, optimal asthma control is difficult to achieve in this young population. Challenges in childhood asthma management are reflected in the low rates of children's adherence to medication regimes. Although pharmacological and biological factors addressing age in physicians' treatment choices are well outlined, age-specific approaches to patient-provider communication and asthma-related interventions are also important in improving quality of life for patients with pediatric asthma.
哮喘影响着近600万美国儿童。在整个童年时期，儿童会经历一系列生理、发育和心理社会方面的变化。因此，影响儿童哮喘管理的因素在三个重要阶段有所不同，即幼儿期（0至5岁）、学龄期（5至12岁）和青春期（12至18岁），并且需要家长、学校工作人员、临床医生和儿童自身进行不同的干预。由于儿童哮喘护理的特点是病情严重程度波动以及众多利益相关者之间的协调，因此在这个年轻人群中很难实现最佳哮喘控制。儿童哮喘管理中的挑战体现在儿童对药物治疗方案的依从率较低。虽然医生在治疗选择中考虑年龄的药理和生物学因素已得到充分阐述，但针对患者与提供者沟通以及哮喘相关干预的特定年龄方法对于改善小儿哮喘患者的生活质量也很重要。
