Liu Zhen, Frank Marian, Yu Xiaoqin, Yu Haiqian, Tran-Cong Nam M, Gao Ying, Proksch Peter
Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Prog Chem Org Nat Prod. 2020;111:81-153. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-37865-3_2.
Marine-derived fungi play an important role in the search for structurally unique secondary metabolites, some of which show promising pharmacological activities that make them useful leads for drug discovery. Marine natural product research in China in general has made enormous progress in the last two decades as described in this chapter on fungal metabolites. This contribution covers 613 new natural products reported from 2001 to 2017 from marine-derived fungi obtained from algae, sponges, corals, and other marine organisms from Chinese waters. The genera Aspergillus (170 new natural products, 28%) and Penicillium (70 new natural products, 11%) were the main fungal producers of new natural products during the time period covered, whereas sponges (184 new natural products, 30%) were the most abundant source of new natural products, followed by corals (154 new natural products, 25%) and algae (130 new natural products, 21%). Close to 40% of all natural products covered in this contribution displayed various bioactivities. The major bioactivities reported were cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines, antimicrobial (mainly antibacterial) activity, and antiviral activity, which accounted for 13%, 9%, and 3% of all natural products reported. In terms of structural classes, polyketides (188 new natural products, 31%) play a dominant role, and if prenylated polyketides and nitrogen-containing polyketides (included in meroterpenes and alkaloids in this contribution) are taken into account, their total number even exceeds 50%. Nitrogen-containing compounds including peptides (65 new natural products, 10%) and alkaloids (103 new natural products, 17%) are the second largest group.
海洋来源真菌在寻找结构独特的次生代谢产物方面发挥着重要作用，其中一些次生代谢产物显示出有前景的药理活性，使其成为药物发现的有用先导物。如本章关于真菌代谢产物所述，中国的海洋天然产物研究在过去二十年总体上取得了巨大进展。本论文涵盖了2001年至2017年报道的613种来自中国海域藻类、海绵、珊瑚及其他海洋生物的海洋来源真菌新天然产物。在所述时间段内，曲霉属（170种新天然产物，占28%）和青霉属（70种新天然产物，占11%）是新天然产物的主要真菌生产者，而海绵（184种新天然产物，占30%）是新天然产物最丰富的来源，其次是珊瑚（154种新天然产物，占25%）和藻类（130种新天然产物，占21%）。本论文涵盖的所有天然产物中近40%具有各种生物活性。报道的主要生物活性为对不同癌细胞系的细胞毒性、抗菌（主要是抗菌）活性和抗病毒活性，分别占报道的所有天然产物的13%、9%和3%。在结构类别方面，聚酮化合物（188种新天然产物，占31%）起主导作用，如果将异戊烯基化聚酮化合物和含氮聚酮化合物（本论文中包含在聚萜类和生物碱中）考虑在内，其总数甚至超过50%。含氮化合物包括肽（65种新天然产物，占10%）和生物碱（103种新天然产物，占17%）是第二大类别。
