MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Mar 6;69(9):241-244. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6909a5.
Plague, an acute zoonosis caused by Yersinia pestis, is endemic in the West Nile region of northwestern Uganda and neighboring northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (1-4). The illness manifests in multiple clinical forms, including bubonic and pneumonic plague. Pneumonic plague is rare, rapidly fatal, and transmissible from person to person via respiratory droplets. On March 4, 2019, a patient with suspected pneumonic plague was hospitalized in West Nile, Uganda, 4 days after caring for her sister, who had come to Uganda from DRC and died shortly thereafter, and 2 days after area officials received a message from a clinic in DRC warning of possible plague. The West Nile-based Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) plague program, together with local health officials, commenced a multipronged response to suspected person-to-person transmission of pneumonic plague, including contact tracing, prophylaxis, and education. Plague was laboratory-confirmed, and no additional transmission occurred in Uganda. This event transpired in the context of heightened awareness of cross-border disease spread caused by ongoing Ebola virus disease transmission in DRC, approximately 400 km to the south. Building expertise in areas of plague endemicity can provide the rapid detection and effective response needed to mitigate epidemic spread and minimize mortality. Cross-border agreements can improve ability to respond effectively.
plague，一种由鼠疫耶尔森菌引起的急性人畜共患病，在乌干达西北部的西尼罗河地区和邻国刚果民主共和国东北部流行（1-4）。这种疾病有多种临床表现，包括腺鼠疫和肺鼠疫。肺鼠疫很少见，病情发展迅速，可通过呼吸道飞沫在人与人之间传播。2019 年 3 月 4 日，乌干达西尼罗河地区的一名疑似肺鼠疫患者住院治疗，该患者在照顾其姐姐 4 天后出现症状，她从刚果民主共和国来到乌干达，不久后死亡，两天后，当地官员收到来自刚果民主共和国一个诊所的消息，警告可能发生鼠疫。乌干达病毒研究所（UVRI）鼠疫项目与当地卫生官员一起，对疑似人际传播的肺鼠疫采取了多管齐下的应对措施，包括接触者追踪、预防和教育。鼠疫得到实验室确认，乌干达没有发生其他传播。这一事件发生在刚果民主共和国持续发生埃博拉病毒病传播导致跨境疾病传播的意识不断增强的背景下，南部约 400 公里处。在鼠疫流行地区建立专业知识可以提供快速检测和有效应对的能力，以减轻疫情传播并降低死亡率。跨境协议可以提高有效应对的能力。
