Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 395, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90040-371, Brazil.
HCor Research Institute, Coracao Hospital (IP-HCor), Abílio Soares Street, 250, São Paulo 04004-05, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2020 Mar 3;12(3):682. doi: 10.3390/nu12030682.
Atherosclerosis is related to fat accumulation in the arterial walls and vascular stiffening, and results in acute coronary syndrome which is commonly associated with acute myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress participates in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Thus, the inclusion of food sources of dietary antioxidants, such as different kinds of nuts, may improve biomarkers related to oxidative stress, contributing to a possible reduction in atherosclerosis progression. This article has briefly highlighted the interaction between oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to the effect of the consumption of different nuts and related dietary antioxidants-like polyphenols and vitamin E-on biomarkers of oxidative stress in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. Studies suggest that nuts may exert antioxidant effects by DNA repair mechanisms, lipid peroxidation prevention, modulation of the signaling pathways, and inhibition of the MAPK pathways through the suppression of NF-κB and activation of the Nrf2 pathways. Studies conducted in animal models showed the ability of dietary nuts in improving biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as oxLDL and GPx. However, clinical trials in humans have not been conclusive, especially with regards to the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
动脉粥样硬化与动脉壁脂肪堆积和血管僵硬有关，导致急性冠状动脉综合征，通常与急性心肌梗死有关。氧化应激参与动脉粥样硬化的发病机制。因此，包括各种坚果等膳食抗氧化剂的食物来源，可能改善与氧化应激相关的生物标志物，有助于减缓动脉粥样硬化的进展。本文简要强调了氧化应激、动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病之间的相互作用，以及不同坚果及其相关膳食抗氧化剂（如多酚和维生素 E）对一级和二级心血管预防中氧化应激生物标志物的影响。研究表明，坚果可能通过 DNA 修复机制、脂质过氧化预防、信号通路的调节以及通过抑制 NF-κB 和激活 Nrf2 通路来抑制 MAPK 通路来发挥抗氧化作用。在动物模型中进行的研究表明，膳食坚果具有改善氧化应激生物标志物的能力，如 oxLDL 和 GPx。然而，人体临床试验尚无定论，特别是在心血管疾病的二级预防方面。
