Schomberg Maria, Greisberger Andrea, Salbach Nancy M, Diermayr Gudrun
SRH Hochschule Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
FH Campus Wien, Wien, Österreich.
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2019 Dec;149:57-65. doi: 10.1016/j.zefq.2019.11.005. Epub 2020 Mar 3.
The Evidence-based Practice Confidence (EPIC) scale is a self-report questionnaire for health professionals. The EPIC scale was developed in Canada and is based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory. It comprises 11 statements on the organization and implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) steps. The aim of the study was to translate the EPIC scale into German, to test its comprehensibility in German-speaking countries and to interculturally adapt the scale.
The translation process followed international guidelines. After two independent translations into German and two independent back translations had been conducted, an expert committee discussed discrepancies in view of intercultural comprehensibility and agreed on a preliminary German version. The comprehensibility of this version was evaluated with physical therapists from Switzerland, Austria and Germany. They were recruited using purposeful sampling and interviewed via telephone using a semi-structured questionnaire (cognitive interviewing). The interviews were recorded and analyzed independently by two authors using a structured evaluation scheme. Based on these results, the final version was created. All changes were discussed with the author of the EPIC scale.
Sixteen physical therapists of the three German-speaking countries were interviewed. Demographic data showed a balanced distribution of country of origin, age group, qualification and years of work experience. In general, participants reported a good overall comprehensibility. However, they reported that (too) many scientific terms caused comprehension problems and that some of these terms were unknown to participants. During the intercultural adaptation attention was paid to simplify and shorten sentences and to paraphrase terms that were difficult to understand. Moreover, the instructions were expanded to address partial lack of knowledge of scientific terms.
The EPIC scale was successfully translated and interculturally adapted to the German language. The scale evaluates self-efficacy in EBP activities and could potentially be used to assess courses or be integrated into surveys. In the next step, the validity and reliability of the German scale should be established involving other health care professionals in this process.
循证实践信心（EPIC）量表是一种供卫生专业人员使用的自填式问卷。EPIC量表在加拿大开发，基于班杜拉的自我效能理论。它包含11条关于循证实践（EBP）步骤的组织和实施的陈述。本研究的目的是将EPIC量表翻译成德语，测试其在德语国家的可理解性，并对该量表进行跨文化调适。
翻译过程遵循国际准则。在进行了两次独立的德语翻译和两次独立的回译之后，一个专家委员会从跨文化可理解性的角度讨论了差异，并就初步的德语版本达成了一致。该版本的可理解性由来自瑞士、奥地利和德国的物理治疗师进行评估。通过立意抽样招募他们，并使用半结构化问卷（认知访谈）通过电话进行访谈。访谈进行了录音，两位作者使用结构化评估方案进行独立分析。基于这些结果，创建了最终版本。所有更改都与EPIC量表的作者进行了讨论。
对三个德语国家的16名物理治疗师进行了访谈。人口统计学数据显示，原籍国、年龄组、资质和工作年限分布均衡。总体而言，参与者报告总体可理解性良好。然而，他们报告说（过多的）科学术语导致了理解问题，而且其中一些术语参与者并不知晓。在跨文化调适过程中，注意简化和缩短句子，并对难以理解的术语进行意译。此外，对说明进行了扩充，以解决对科学术语部分缺乏了解的问题。
EPIC量表已成功翻译成德语并进行了跨文化调适。该量表评估了EBP活动中的自我效能，有可能用于评估课程或纳入调查。下一步，应在此过程中让其他医疗保健专业人员参与，确定德语量表的有效性和可靠性。
