Krieger Beate, Schulze Christina, Boyd Jillian, Amann Ruth, Piškur Barbara, Beurskens Anna, Teplicky Rachel, Moser Albine
School of Health Professionals, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.
Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
BMC Pediatr. 2020 Oct 24;20(1):492. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02343-y.
Concepts such as participation and environment may differ across cultures. Consequently, to use a measure like the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY) in other than the original English-speaking contexts, cultural adaptation needs to be assured. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally translate and adapt the PEM-CY into German as it is used in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Fifteen parents of children and adolescents with disabilities from three German speaking countries participated in three rounds of think-aloud interviews. We followed the procedure of cultural equivalence guidelines including two additional steps. Data was analyzed by content analysis using semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalence.
Results show adaptations mainly focused on experiential and conceptual equivalence, with conceptual equivalence being the most challenging to reach. Examples of experiential equivalence included adapting the examples of activities in the PEM-CY to reflect those typical in German speaking countries. Conceptual equivalence mainly addressed aspects of "involvement" and "environment" of children and adolescents and was reached through adaptations such as enhanced instructions and structures, and additional definitions.
This study presents a cross-cultural translation and adaptation process to develop a German version of the PEM-CY that is suitable for Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Using a modified cultural adaptation process, a culturally adapted version of PEM-CY (German) is now available for research, practice and further validation.
参与和环境等概念在不同文化中可能存在差异。因此，要在除英语母语背景之外的其他环境中使用《儿童和青少年参与与环境量表》（PEM-CY）这样的测量工具，就需要确保进行文化调适。本研究的目的是将PEM-CY进行跨文化翻译并调适为德语版本，以供德国、奥地利和瑞士使用。
来自三个德语国家的15名残疾儿童和青少年的家长参与了三轮出声思考访谈。我们遵循文化等效性指南的程序，包括两个额外步骤。通过内容分析，从语义、习语、经验和概念等效性方面对数据进行分析。
结果表明，调适主要集中在经验和概念等效性上，其中概念等效性最难实现。经验等效性的例子包括调整PEM-CY中的活动示例，以反映德语国家的典型活动。概念等效性主要涉及儿童和青少年“参与”和“环境”方面的内容，并通过加强说明和结构以及添加定义等调适措施得以实现。
本研究展示了一个跨文化翻译和调适过程，以开发适用于德国、奥地利和瑞士的PEM-CY德语版本。通过使用经过修改的文化调适过程，现已获得了经过文化调适的PEM-CY（德语）版本，可用于研究、实践及进一步验证。
