Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Am J Hum Genet. 2020 Mar 5;106(3):371-388. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.02.002.
The population of the United States is shaped by centuries of migration, isolation, growth, and admixture between ancestors of global origins. Here, we assemble a comprehensive view of recent population history by studying the ancestry and population structure of more than 32,000 individuals in the US using genetic, ancestral birth origin, and geographic data from the National Geographic Genographic Project. We identify migration routes and barriers that reflect historical demographic events. We also uncover the spatial patterns of relatedness in subpopulations through the combination of haplotype clustering, ancestral birth origin analysis, and local ancestry inference. Examples of these patterns include substantial substructure and heterogeneity in Hispanics/Latinos, isolation-by-distance in African Americans, elevated levels of relatedness and homozygosity in Asian immigrants, and fine-scale structure in European descents. Taken together, our results provide detailed insights into the genetic structure and demographic history of the diverse US population.
美国的人口是由几个世纪以来的移民、隔离、增长以及来自全球各地祖先的混合形成的。在这里，我们通过研究来自国家地理遗传项目的美国超过 32000 个人的遗传、祖先出生地和地理数据，综合了解近期的人口历史。我们确定了反映历史人口事件的迁移路线和障碍。我们还通过单倍型聚类、祖先出生地分析和局部祖先推断的组合，揭示了亚群中相关关系的空间模式。这些模式的例子包括西班牙裔/拉丁美洲人中有大量的亚结构和异质性、非裔美国人的隔离距离、亚洲移民的相关程度和同质性升高，以及欧洲血统的精细结构。总的来说，我们的结果为美国多样化人口的遗传结构和人口历史提供了详细的见解。
