James Madison University, Department of Psychology, 91 E. Grace St./MSC 7704, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA.
University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, P.O Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
J Adolesc. 2020 Apr;80:157-172. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.02.011. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
This study examined long-term predictive links between different types of anxiety in late adolescence and work-related outcomes in young adulthood. The presence of adaptive personality traits and positive emotion regulation and coping skills were hypothesized to buffer these associations, reducing the negative effects of anxiety on future work outcomes.
Hypotheses were tested using multi-reporter data from a community sample of 184 youth in the United States followed from ages 17-30. Trait anxiety, anxious arousal, rejection sensitivity, and implicit rejection were each examined in late adolescence as predictors of work-related ambition, work performance, job satisfaction, and career satisfaction in young adulthood. Conscientiousness, grit, emotion regulation (ER) and coping skills were examined as potential moderators.
Although trait anxiety was the only anxiety variable directly predictive of work outcomes in regression analyses, personality variables and ER skills interacted with multiple types of anxiety to predict work outcomes. Interestingly, findings reflected a pattern in which a combination of greater conscientiousness and greater anxiety, and greater ER skills and greater anxiety, predicted more positive work outcomes.
These findings not only suggest that the development of traits such as conscientiousness and ER skills may be helpful for youth with higher levels of anxiety, but also that higher levels of anxiety, when appropriately balanced by other qualities, may be adaptive for promoting positive career development for some youth.
本研究考察了青少年晚期不同类型焦虑与青年期工作相关结果之间的长期预测关系。假设适应性人格特质、积极的情绪调节和应对技能能够缓冲这些关联，从而减少焦虑对未来工作结果的负面影响。
使用来自美国一个社区样本的多报告者数据对假设进行了测试，该样本由 184 名 17-30 岁的年轻人组成。特质焦虑、焦虑唤醒、拒绝敏感和内隐拒绝在青少年晚期被视为预测青年期工作相关的雄心、工作表现、工作满意度和职业满意度的指标。尽责性、坚毅、情绪调节（ER）和应对技能被视为潜在的调节因素。
尽管特质焦虑是回归分析中唯一直接预测工作结果的焦虑变量，但人格变量和 ER 技能与多种类型的焦虑相互作用，共同预测工作结果。有趣的是，研究结果反映出一种模式，即更高的尽责性和更高的焦虑、更高的 ER 技能和更高的焦虑相结合，预示着更积极的工作结果。
这些发现不仅表明，培养尽责性和 ER 技能等特质可能对焦虑水平较高的年轻人有帮助，而且当适当平衡其他素质时，较高的焦虑水平可能对某些年轻人积极的职业发展是适应性的。
