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景观和生态系统服务变化作为监测自然保护区的基础:以西班牙皮科斯德欧罗巴山国家公园为例。

Change in landscape and ecosystems services as the basis of monitoring natural protected areas: a case study in the Picos de Europa National Park (Spain).

机构信息

Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, The Complutense University of Madrid, c/José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.

Department of Biogeography and Global Change, The National Museum of Natural Sciences, c/José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.

出版信息

Environ Monit Assess. 2020 Mar 7;192(4):220. doi: 10.1007/s10661-020-8132-6.

Abstract

Services provided by protected areas (PAs) are based on their natural heritage, as stated in the conservation objectives, and many depend on their landscape, the spatial pattern of land cover patches. We study changes in the service provision of a PA based on its landscape changes. As services are defined according to the conservation objectives of the PA, this can be used in monitoring the PA conservation status. Using easily accessible historical land cover maps, landscape changes over time are identified and assessed according to changes in services provision, based on the PA conservation objectives. The PA under study is one of the oldest in Europe. Almost 80 years after its initial declaration, it was increased by incorporating surrounding areas. This helps to understand to what extent the oldest PA has conserved its environmental heritage, compared with what happened in the area most recently protected and not subjected to previous conservation regime. As expected in an area managed for conservation, changes in services in the older PA are small. But changes in the recently included area are also small and very similar to those ones. As change in ecosystem services are based on landscape changes, they do not relate only to the increase or decrease in the spatial distribution of single land covers but also on their joint spatial arrangement. This allows us to assess trade-offs among services provided by different land covers implied in landscape changes.

摘要

保护区(PA)提供的服务基于其自然遗产,正如保护目标所述,许多服务依赖于其景观,即土地覆盖斑块的空间格局。我们研究基于景观变化的保护区服务提供的变化。由于服务是根据 PA 的保护目标来定义的,因此这可以用于监测 PA 的保护状况。利用易于获取的历史土地覆盖图,根据 PA 保护目标,根据服务提供的变化,确定和评估随时间推移的景观变化。研究中的 PA 是欧洲最古老的 PA 之一。在最初宣布近 80 年后,通过纳入周边地区来增加其面积。这有助于了解与最近受保护且不受先前保护制度影响的地区相比,最古老的 PA 在多大程度上保护了其环境遗产。正如在为保护而管理的地区所预期的那样,较老的 PA 中的服务变化较小。但是,最近纳入的区域的变化也很小,与那些变化非常相似。由于生态系统服务的变化基于景观变化,它们不仅与单个土地覆盖物的空间分布的增加或减少有关,而且还与它们的联合空间安排有关。这使我们能够评估景观变化中涉及的不同土地覆盖物提供的服务之间的权衡。

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