Department of Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Neurology, UCSF School of Medicine, United States of America.
Department of Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Neurology, UCSF School of Medicine, United States of America.
Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2020 Dec 1;1862(12):183259. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183259. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
The transport of classical neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles generally relies on a H electrochemical gradient (∆μ). Synaptic vesicle uptake of glutamate depends primarily on the electrical component ∆ψ as the driving force, rather than the chemical component ∆pH. However, the vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) belong to the solute carrier 17 (SLC17) family, which includes closely related members that function as H cotransporters. Recent work has also shown that the VGLUTs undergo allosteric regulation by H and Cl, and exhibit an associated Cl conductance. These properties appear to coordinate VGLUT activity with the large ionic shifts that accompany the rapid recycling of synaptic vesicles driven by neural activity. Recent structural information also suggests common mechanisms that underlie the apparently divergent function of SLC17 family members, and that confer allosteric regulation.
经典神经递质向突触囊泡的转运通常依赖于 H 的电化学梯度 (∆μ)。谷氨酸的突触囊泡摄取主要依赖于作为驱动力的电分量 ∆ψ，而不是化学分量 ∆pH。然而，囊泡谷氨酸转运体 (VGLUTs) 属于溶质载体 17 (SLC17) 家族，其中包括作为 H 共转运体起作用的密切相关的成员。最近的工作还表明，VGLUTs 受到 H 和 Cl 的变构调节，并表现出相关的 Cl 电导。这些特性似乎协调了 VGLUT 的活性与伴随神经活动驱动的突触囊泡快速再循环的大离子转移。最近的结构信息还表明，共同的机制是 SLC17 家族成员明显不同功能的基础，并赋予变构调节。
