Millar Nicole A, Colenso-Semple Lauren M, Lockie Robert G, Marttinen Risto H J, Galpin Andrew J
Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA.
College of Education and Human Development, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Int J Exerc Sci. 2020 Feb 1;13(4):49-61. doi: 10.70252/UELS8581. eCollection 2020.
The barbell back squat provides a highly effective training stimulus to improve lower body strength, speed, and power, which are considered key components of athletic performance in many sports. The barbell hip thrust exercise utilizes similar musculature, and is popular among practitioners, but has received far less scientific examination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an in-season resistance training program with hip thrusts or back squats on physical performance in adolescent female soccer players. Fourteen players completed identical whole-body resistance training twice per week for 6 weeks, except one group used the barbell hip thrust (HT) (n = 6) and the other the back squat (SQ) (n = 8). Improvements were observed for both groups in hip thrust 3RM (HT = 34.0%, SQ = 23.8%), back squat 3RM (HT = 34.6%, SQ = 31.0%), vertical jump (HT = 5.4%, SQ = 4.9%), broad jump (HT = 10.5%, SQ = 8.1%), ball kicking distance (HT = 13.2%, SQ = 8.1%), and pro-agility (HT = -1.5%, SQ = -1.5%; faster), but not 36.6-m dash (HT = 2.9%, SQ = 1.9%; slower) with no significant between-group differences. These data indicate that both the hip thrust and the squat provide an effective stimulus to improve these sport-specific performance measures. Practitioners should consider these findings in combination with other factors (equipment availability, ability to coach the movement, training goals, injuries, etc.) when selecting exercises.
杠铃后深蹲能提供高效的训练刺激,以增强下肢力量、速度和爆发力,这些被认为是许多运动项目中运动表现的关键要素。杠铃臀推练习使用了类似的肌肉群,在训练者中很受欢迎,但受到的科学研究却少得多。本研究的目的是评估在青少年女子足球运动员赛季中进行包含臀推或后深蹲的抗阻训练计划对身体表现的影响。14名运动员每周进行两次相同的全身抗阻训练,为期6周,其中一组使用杠铃臀推(HT)(n = 6),另一组使用后深蹲(SQ)(n = 8)。两组在臀推3RM(HT = 34.0%,SQ = 23.8%)、后深蹲3RM(HT = 34.6%,SQ = 31.0%)、垂直纵跳(HT = 5.4%,SQ = 4.9%)、立定跳远(HT = 10.5%,SQ = 8.1%)踢远(HT = 13.2%,SQ = 8.1%)和敏捷性测试(HT = -1.5%,SQ = -1.5%;更快)方面均有改善,但在36.6米短跑中没有改善(HT = 2.9%,SQ = 1.9%;更慢),且组间差异不显著。这些数据表明,臀推和深蹲都能提供有效的刺激,以改善这些特定于运动项目的表现指标。训练者在选择练习时,应结合其他因素(设备可用性、动作指导能力、训练目标、伤病等)考虑这些发现。