City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, NE, Switzerland.
Assessment. 2021 Sep;28(6):1583-1600. doi: 10.1177/1073191120911095. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
Burnout has been viewed as a work-induced condition combining exhaustion, cynicism, and professional inefficacy. Using correlational analyses, an exploratory structural equation modeling bifactor analysis, structural regression analyses, and a network analysis, we examined the claim that burnout should not be mistaken for a depressive syndrome. The study involved 1,258 educational staff members. Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Illegitimate work tasks and work-nonwork interferences were additionally measured. We notably found that (a) on average, exhaustion, cynicism, and professional inefficacy correlated less strongly with each other than with depression; (b) exhaustion-burnout's core-was more strongly associated with depression than with either cynicism or professional inefficacy; (c) the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 did not correlate more strongly with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale than with exhaustion; (d) exhaustion and depression loaded primarily on a general distress/dysphoria factor in the exploratory structural equation modeling bifactor analysis; (e) on average, burnout and depression were related to job stressors in a similar manner; (f) work-nonwork interferences were strongly linked to distress/dysphoria. Overall, burnout showed no syndromal unity and lacked discriminant validity. Clinicians should systematically assess depressive symptoms in individuals presenting with a complaint of "burnout."
倦怠被视为一种工作引起的状态，包括疲惫、玩世不恭和职业效能低下。我们采用相关分析、探索性结构方程模型双因素分析、结构回归分析和网络分析，检验了不应将倦怠误认为是抑郁综合征的说法。该研究涉及 1258 名教育工作者。倦怠用 Maslach 倦怠量表-一般调查进行评估，抑郁用患者健康问卷-9 和医院焦虑和抑郁量表进行评估。还额外测量了非法工作任务和工作-非工作干扰。我们特别发现：（a）平均而言，疲惫、玩世不恭和职业效能之间的相关性弱于与抑郁的相关性；（b）疲惫-倦怠的核心-与抑郁的相关性强于与玩世不恭或职业效能的相关性；（c）患者健康问卷-9 与医院焦虑和抑郁量表的相关性强于与疲惫的相关性；（d）在探索性结构方程模型双因素分析中，疲惫和抑郁主要加载在一般痛苦/抑郁因子上；（e）平均而言，倦怠和抑郁与工作压力源的关系相似；（f）工作-非工作干扰与痛苦/抑郁密切相关。总体而言，倦怠没有综合征的统一性，缺乏判别效度。临床医生应该系统地评估出现“倦怠”抱怨的个体的抑郁症状。
