Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 10;10(1):4421. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61407-2.
Antibiotic resistance has become a major concern for human and animal health. As fluoroquinolones have been extensively used in human and veterinary medicine, there has also been the rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance around the world. Here, we analysed the microbiome of goat milk using samples from healthy goats and those diagnosed with persistent mastitis and treated using the antibiotic enrofloxacin with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We selected a group of 11 goats and 22 samples of milk that did not respond clinically to enrofloxacin treatment. Milk samples were evaluated before and after treatment to verify changes of the microbiota; the three first lactating goats were selected from the healthy control group. The milk samples from the healthy control animals presented a larger abundance of different species of bacteria of the Staphylococcus genus, but a smaller number of different genera, which indicated a more specific niche of resident bacteria. The Firmicutes phylum was predominantly different between the studied groups. Samples from before-treatment animals had a higher number of new species than those from the control group, and after being treated again. These microbiota received new bacteria, increasing the differences in bacteria even more in relation to the control group. Genotypes such as Trueperella and Mannheimia, between other genera, had a high abundance in the samples from animals with persistent mastitis. The dysbiosis in this study, with marked evidence of a complex microbiota in activity in cases of the failure of antimicrobial treatment for persistent chronic mastitis, demonstrates a need to improve the accuracy of pathogen identification and increases concern regarding antibiotic treatments in milk production herds.
抗生素耐药性已成为人类和动物健康的主要关注点。由于氟喹诺酮类药物已广泛应用于人类和兽医医学，因此世界各地也迅速出现和传播了抗微生物药物耐药性。在这里，我们使用来自健康山羊和被诊断为持续性乳腺炎且用抗生素恩诺沙星治疗的山羊的样本，通过 16S rRNA 扩增子测序分析了山羊奶的微生物组。我们选择了一组 11 只山羊和 22 份未对恩诺沙星治疗产生临床反应的牛奶样本。在治疗前后评估了牛奶样本，以验证微生物群的变化；从健康对照组中选择了前三个泌乳期的山羊。健康对照组的牛奶样本中不同种类的葡萄球菌属细菌丰度更高，但不同属的数量较少，这表明常驻细菌的生态位更特异。研究组之间厚壁菌门也存在明显差异。来自治疗前动物的样本比对照组的新物种数量更多，而再次治疗后则更多。这些微生物群接收了新的细菌，与对照组相比，细菌的差异甚至更大。在持久性乳腺炎动物的样本中，诸如 Trueperella 和 Mannheimia 等基因型以及其他属之间的其他基因型丰度很高。本研究中的菌群失调，以及在持续性慢性乳腺炎的抗菌治疗失败情况下复杂微生物群活动的明显证据，表明需要提高病原体鉴定的准确性，并增加对抗生素治疗在牛奶生产群中的关注。
