Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council, Bari, 70126, Italy.
Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy.
Macromol Biosci. 2020 May;20(5):e2000017. doi: 10.1002/mabi.202000017. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Collagen represents one of the most widely used biomaterial for scaffolds fabrication in tissue engineering as it represents the mechanical support of natural tissues. It also provides physical scaffolding for cells and it influences their attachment, growth, and tissue regeneration. Among all fibrillary collagens, type I is considered one of the gold standard for scaffolds fabrication, thanks to its high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and hemostatic properties. It can be extracted by chemical and enzymatic protocols from several collagen-rich tissues, such as tendon and skin, of different animal species. Both the extraction processes and the manufacturing protocols for scaffolds fabrication provide structural and mechanical changes that can be tuned in order to deeply impact the properties of the final biomaterial. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of X-rays to study structural changes of type I collagen from fresh collagen-rich tissues (bovine, equine, fish) to the final scaffolds, with the aim to screen across available collagen sources and scaffolds fabrication protocols to be used in tissue regeneration.
胶原蛋白是组织工程中最广泛使用的生物材料支架制造材料之一，因为它代表了天然组织的机械支撑。它还为细胞提供物理支架，并影响它们的附着、生长和组织再生。在所有纤维胶原蛋白中，由于其高度的生物相容性、可生物降解性和止血特性，I 型胶原蛋白被认为是支架制造的黄金标准之一。它可以通过化学和酶法从不同动物物种的肌腱和皮肤等富含胶原蛋白的组织中提取。提取过程和支架制造工艺都会引起结构和机械变化，这些变化可以进行调整，从而深刻影响最终生物材料的性能。本文的目的是讨论 X 射线在研究从新鲜富含胶原蛋白的组织（牛、马、鱼）到最终支架的 I 型胶原蛋白的结构变化中的作用，旨在筛选可用于组织再生的各种胶原蛋白来源和支架制造工艺。
