Vansteensel Mariska J, Jarosiewicz Beata
Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
BrainGate, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;168:67-85. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63934-9.00007-X.
Locked-in syndrome (LIS) is characterized by an inability to move or speak in the presence of intact cognition and can be caused by brainstem trauma or neuromuscular disease. Quality of life (QoL) in LIS is strongly impaired by the inability to communicate, which cannot always be remedied by traditional augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) solutions if residual muscle activity is insufficient to control the AAC device. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) may offer a solution by employing the person's neural signals instead of relying on muscle activity. Here, we review the latest communication BCI research using noninvasive signal acquisition approaches (electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional near-infrared spectroscopy) and subdural and intracortical implanted electrodes, and we discuss current efforts to translate research knowledge into usable BCI-enabled communication solutions that aim to improve the QoL of individuals with LIS.
闭锁综合征（LIS）的特征是在认知完好的情况下无法移动或说话，可由脑干创伤或神经肌肉疾病引起。LIS患者的生活质量（QoL）因无法交流而严重受损，如果残余肌肉活动不足以控制辅助和替代沟通（AAC）设备，传统的AAC解决方案并不总能解决这一问题。脑机接口（BCI）可以通过利用人的神经信号而非依赖肌肉活动来提供一种解决方案。在此，我们综述了使用非侵入性信号采集方法（脑电图、功能磁共振成像、功能近红外光谱）以及硬膜下和皮层内植入电极进行的最新通信BCI研究，并讨论了目前将研究知识转化为可用的、旨在改善LIS患者QoL的基于BCI的通信解决方案的努力。
