Department of Radiology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
Departments of Radiology and Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Lung. 2020 Apr;198(2):245-255. doi: 10.1007/s00408-020-00344-3. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity. The most common long-term complication of acute PE is chronic thromboembolic disease, a heterogenous entity which ranges from asymptomatic imaging sequelae to persistent symptoms. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare disease that can develop in this population and represents the only treatable type of pulmonary hypertension. Recognition of the characteristic findings of chronic pulmonary embolism and CTEPH provides not only diagnostic information, but is also crucial for guiding therapy. The present state-of-the-art review focuses on the multimodality imaging features of chronic pulmonary embolism. Detailed description and illustrations of relevant imaging findings will be demonstrated for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan, CT scan and Dual-Energy CT and MRI and features that distinguish chronic PE from common imaging mimics.
急性肺栓塞（PE）是心血管发病率的主要原因。急性 PE 最常见的长期并发症是慢性血栓栓塞性疾病，这是一种异质实体，从无症状的影像学后遗症到持续存在的症状不等。慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压（CTEPH）是一种在该人群中可能发生的罕见疾病，是唯一可治疗的肺动脉高压类型。认识慢性肺栓塞和 CTEPH 的特征性表现不仅提供了诊断信息，而且对指导治疗也至关重要。本综述的最新技术重点在于慢性肺栓塞的多模态成像特征。将详细描述和说明相关的成像发现，包括通气/灌注（V/Q）扫描、CT 扫描和双能 CT 以及 MRI 扫描，以及区分慢性 PE 与常见影像学模拟的特征。
