Sun Hainan, Wang Xiaoling, Zhai Shumei
Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
Shandong Vocational College of Light Industry, Zibo 255300, Shandong, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Mar 11;10(3):504. doi: 10.3390/nano10030504.
Radiotherapy (RT) has been widely used for cancer treatment. However, the intrinsic drawbacks of RT, such as radiotoxicity in normal tissues and tumor radioresistance, promoted the development of radiosensitizers. To date, various kinds of nanoparticles have been found to act as radiosensitizers in cancer radiotherapy. This review focuses on the current state of nanoradiosensitizers, especially the related biological mechanisms, and the key design strategies for generating nanoradiosensitizers. The regulation of oxidative stress, DNA damage, the cell cycle, autophagy and apoptosis by nanoradiosensitizers in vitro and in vivo is highlighted, which may guide the rational design of therapeutics for tumor radiosensitization.
放射疗法（RT）已被广泛应用于癌症治疗。然而，放射疗法的固有缺点，如正常组织中的放射毒性和肿瘤放射抗性，推动了放射增敏剂的发展。迄今为止，已发现各种纳米颗粒在癌症放射治疗中可作为放射增敏剂。本综述聚焦于纳米放射增敏剂的现状，尤其是相关生物学机制，以及制备纳米放射增敏剂的关键设计策略。重点介绍了纳米放射增敏剂在体外和体内对氧化应激、DNA损伤、细胞周期、自噬和凋亡的调控，这可能为肿瘤放射增敏治疗的合理设计提供指导。
