Human Factors Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
NOAA, National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK, 73072, USA.
Appl Ergon. 2020 May;85:103071. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103071. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
Physiological indicators, including eye tracking measures, may provide insight into human decision making and cognition in many domains, including weather forecasting. Situation awareness (SA), a critical component of forecast decision making, is commonly conceptualized as the degree to which information is perceived, understood, and projected into a future context. Drawing upon recent applications of eye tracking in the study of forecaster decision making, we investigate the relationship among eye movement measures, automation, and SA assessed through a freeze probe assessment method. In addition, we explore the relationship between an automated forecasting decision aid use and information seeking behavior. In this study, a sample of professional weather forecasters completed a series of tasks, informed by a set of forecasting decision aids, and with variable access to an experimental automated tool, while an eye tracking system captured data related to eye movements and information usage. At the end of each forecasting task, participants responded to a set of questions related to the environmental situation in the framework of a survey-based assessment technique in order to assess their level of situation awareness. Regression analysis revealed a moderate relationship between the SA measure and eye tracking metrics, supporting the hypothesis that eye tracking may have utility in assessing SA. The results support the use of eye tracking in the assessment of specific and measurable attributes of the decision-making process in weather forecasting. The findings are discussed in light of potential benefits that eye tracking could bring to human performance assessment as well as decision-making research in the forecasting domain.
生理指标，包括眼动测量，可能为许多领域的人类决策和认知提供深入了解，包括天气预报。情境意识（SA）是预测决策的关键组成部分，通常被概念化为信息被感知、理解和投射到未来情境的程度。本文借鉴了眼动追踪在预测者决策研究中的最新应用，研究了眼动测量、自动化和通过冻结探针评估方法评估的 SA 之间的关系。此外，我们还探讨了自动化预测决策辅助工具的使用与信息寻求行为之间的关系。在这项研究中，一组专业天气预报员完成了一系列任务，这些任务是根据一组预测决策辅助工具制定的，并且可以灵活使用实验性的自动化工具，同时眼动追踪系统捕捉与眼动和信息使用相关的数据。在每个预测任务结束时，参与者回答了一组与环境情况相关的问题，这些问题是基于基于调查的评估技术框架提出的，以评估他们的情境意识水平。回归分析显示，SA 测量值与眼动追踪指标之间存在中等关系，支持了眼动追踪可能有助于评估 SA 的假设。研究结果支持在评估天气预报决策过程的特定和可衡量属性时使用眼动追踪。研究结果还讨论了眼动追踪在人类绩效评估以及预测领域决策研究方面可能带来的潜在益处。
