Ng Li Ching, Gupta Manish
School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India.
Asian J Pharm Sci. 2020 Jan;15(1):13-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.04.006. Epub 2019 Jun 22.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which there is an insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas, or the insulin produced is unable to be utilized effectively by the body. Diabetes affects more than 415 million people globally and is estimated to strike about 642 million people in 2040. The WHO reported that diabetes will become the seventh biggest cause of mortality in 2030. Insulin injection and oral hypoglycemic agents remain the primary treatments in diabetes management. These often present with poor patient compliance. However, over the last decade, transdermal systems in diabetes management have gained increasing attention and emerged as a potential hope in diabetes management owing to the advantages that they offer as compared to invasive injection and oral dosage forms. This review presents the recent advances and developments in transdermal research to achieve better diabetes management. Different technologies and approaches have been explored and applied to the transdermal systems to optimize diabetes management. Studies have shown that these transdermal systems demonstrate higher bioavailability compared to oral administration due to the avoidance of first-pass hepatic metabolism and a sustained drug release pattern. Besides that, transdermal systems have the advantage of reducing dosing frequency as drugs are released at a predetermined rate and control blood glucose level over a prolonged time, contributing to better patient compliance. In summary, the transdermal system is a field worth exploring due to its significant advantages over oral route in administration of antidiabetic drugs and biosensing of blood glucose level to ensure better clinical outcomes in diabetes management.
糖尿病是一种慢性疾病，其特征为胰腺分泌胰岛素不足，或者所分泌的胰岛素无法被身体有效利用。全球有超过4.15亿人受糖尿病影响，预计到2040年这一数字将达到约6.42亿。世界卫生组织报告称，糖尿病将在2030年成为第七大致死原因。胰岛素注射和口服降糖药仍然是糖尿病治疗的主要手段。但这些治疗方式常常存在患者依从性差的问题。然而，在过去十年中，糖尿病管理中的透皮给药系统越来越受到关注，并因其与侵入性注射和口服剂型相比所具有的优势，成为糖尿病管理中一个潜在的希望。本文综述了透皮给药研究在实现更好的糖尿病管理方面的最新进展。人们已经探索并将不同的技术和方法应用于透皮给药系统，以优化糖尿病管理。研究表明，与口服给药相比，这些透皮给药系统由于避免了首过肝代谢和持续的药物释放模式，具有更高的生物利用度。此外，透皮给药系统具有减少给药频率的优势，因为药物以预定速率释放，并能在较长时间内控制血糖水平，有助于提高患者依从性。总之，透皮给药系统是一个值得探索的领域，因为它在抗糖尿病药物给药和血糖水平生物传感方面比口服途径具有显著优势，可确保在糖尿病管理中取得更好的临床效果。
