Gupta Sumit, Loh Kenneth J, Pedtke Andrew
1Department of Structural Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085 USA.
LIM Innovations, San Francisco, CA USA.
Biomed Eng Lett. 2019 Nov 12;10(1):103-118. doi: 10.1007/s13534-019-00137-5. eCollection 2020 Feb.
The socket is the most critical part of every lower-limb prosthetic system, since it serves as the interfacial component that connects the residual limb with the artificial system. However, many amputees abandon their socket prostheses due to the high-level of discomfort caused by the poor interaction between the socket and residual limb. In general, socket prosthesis performance is determined by three main factors, namely, residual limb-socket interfacial stress, volume fluctuation of the residual limb, and temperature. This review paper summarizes the various sensing and actuation solutions that have been proposed for improving socket performance and for realizing next-generation socket prostheses. The working principles of different sensors and how they have been tested or used for monitoring the socket interface are discussed. Furthermore, various actuation methods that have been proposed for actively modifying and improving the socket interface are also reviewed. Through the continued development and integration of these sensing and actuation technologies, the long-term vision is to realize prostheses. Such smart socket systems will not only function as a socket prosthesis but will also be able to sense parameters that cause amputee discomfort and self-adjust to optimize its fit, function, and performance.
接受腔是每个下肢假肢系统中最关键的部分，因为它作为连接残肢与人工系统的界面部件。然而，许多截肢者由于接受腔与残肢之间不良的相互作用所导致的高度不适感而放弃使用接受腔假肢。一般来说，接受腔假肢的性能由三个主要因素决定，即残肢-接受腔界面应力、残肢的体积波动和温度。这篇综述文章总结了为改善接受腔性能和实现下一代接受腔假肢而提出的各种传感和驱动解决方案。讨论了不同传感器的工作原理以及它们如何被测试或用于监测接受腔界面。此外，还综述了为主动修改和改善接受腔界面而提出的各种驱动方法。通过这些传感和驱动技术的持续发展与整合，长期愿景是实现假肢。这样的智能接受腔系统不仅将起到接受腔假肢的作用，还将能够感知导致截肢者不适的参数并进行自我调整，以优化其适配性、功能和性能。
