Renzi Juan P, Chantre Guillermo R, Smýkal Petr, Presotto Alejandro D, Zubiaga Luciano, Garayalde Antonio F, Cantamutto Miguel A
EEA H. Ascasubi Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Feb 28;11:189. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00189. eCollection 2020.
Hairy vetch ( ssp. Roth) is native of Europe and Western Asia and it is the second most cultivated vetch worldwide. Hairy vetch is used as forage species in semiarid environments and as a legume cover crop in sub-humid and humid regions. Being an incompletely domesticated species, hairy vetch can form spontaneous populations in a new environment. These populations might contain novel and adaptive traits valuable for breeding. Niche occupancy based on geographic occurrence and environmental data of naturalized populations in central Argentina showed that these populations were distributed mainly on disturbed areas with coarse soil texture and alkaline-type soils. Low rainfall and warm temperatures during pre- and post-seed dispersal explained the potential distribution under sub-humid and semiarid conditions from Pampa and Espinal ecoregions. Conversely, local adaptation along environmental gradients did not drive the divergence among recently established Argentinian (AR) populations. The highest genetic diversity revealed by microsatellite analysis was observed within accessions (72%) while no clear separation was detected between AR and European (EU) genotypes, although naturalized AR populations showed strong differentiation with the wild EU accessions. Common garden experiments were conducted in 2014-16 in order to evaluate populations' germination, flowering, and biomass traits. European cultivars were characterized by low physical seed dormancy (PY), while naturalized AR accessions showed higher winter biomass production. Detected variation in the quantitative assessment of populations could be useful for selection in breeding for traits that convey favorable functions within specific contexts.
毛苕子（Vicia villosa Roth亚种）原产于欧洲和西亚，是全球第二大种植的苕子。毛苕子在半干旱环境中用作饲料作物，在亚湿润和湿润地区用作豆科覆盖作物。作为一种未完全驯化的物种，毛苕子能在新环境中形成自然种群。这些种群可能包含对育种有价值的新的适应性性状。基于阿根廷中部归化种群的地理分布和环境数据的生态位占用情况表明，这些种群主要分布在土壤质地粗糙和碱性土壤的干扰区域。种子传播前后的低降雨量和温暖温度解释了潘帕斯和埃斯皮纳尔生态区在亚湿润和半干旱条件下的潜在分布。相反，沿着环境梯度的局部适应并没有导致最近建立的阿根廷（AR）种群之间的分化。微卫星分析显示，最高的遗传多样性存在于种质内（72%），虽然归化的AR种群与野生的欧洲（EU）种质表现出强烈分化，但未检测到AR和EU基因型之间的明显分离。2014 - 2016年进行了共同园试验，以评估种群的发芽、开花和生物量性状。欧洲品种的特点是种子物理休眠（PY）较低，而归化的AR种质表现出更高的冬季生物量产量。在种群定量评估中检测到的变异可能有助于在育种中选择在特定环境中具有有利功能的性状。
