Ahmed Zeeshan, Mohamed Khalid, Zeeshan Saman, Dong XinQi
Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Database (Oxford). 2020 Jan 1;2020. doi: 10.1093/database/baaa010.
Precision medicine is one of the recent and powerful developments in medical care, which has the potential to improve the traditional symptom-driven practice of medicine, allowing earlier interventions using advanced diagnostics and tailoring better and economically personalized treatments. Identifying the best pathway to personalized and population medicine involves the ability to analyze comprehensive patient information together with broader aspects to monitor and distinguish between sick and relatively healthy people, which will lead to a better understanding of biological indicators that can signal shifts in health. While the complexities of disease at the individual level have made it difficult to utilize healthcare information in clinical decision-making, some of the existing constraints have been greatly minimized by technological advancements. To implement effective precision medicine with enhanced ability to positively impact patient outcomes and provide real-time decision support, it is important to harness the power of electronic health records by integrating disparate data sources and discovering patient-specific patterns of disease progression. Useful analytic tools, technologies, databases, and approaches are required to augment networking and interoperability of clinical, laboratory and public health systems, as well as addressing ethical and social issues related to the privacy and protection of healthcare data with effective balance. Developing multifunctional machine learning platforms for clinical data extraction, aggregation, management and analysis can support clinicians by efficiently stratifying subjects to understand specific scenarios and optimize decision-making. Implementation of artificial intelligence in healthcare is a compelling vision that has the potential in leading to the significant improvements for achieving the goals of providing real-time, better personalized and population medicine at lower costs. In this study, we focused on analyzing and discussing various published artificial intelligence and machine learning solutions, approaches and perspectives, aiming to advance academic solutions in paving the way for a new data-centric era of discovery in healthcare.
精准医疗是医疗保健领域近年来一项强大的发展成果,它有潜力改进传统的症状驱动型医疗实践,借助先进的诊断手段实现更早的干预,并定制更优质且经济高效的个性化治疗方案。确定通往个性化医疗和群体医疗的最佳途径,需要具备综合分析患者全面信息以及更广泛因素的能力,以便监测并区分患病者和相对健康者,这将有助于更好地理解能够预示健康状况变化的生物学指标。尽管个体层面疾病的复杂性使得在临床决策中难以利用医疗保健信息,但技术进步已极大地减少了一些现有限制。为了实施有效的精准医疗,增强积极影响患者治疗效果的能力并提供实时决策支持,通过整合不同数据源并发现患者特定的疾病进展模式来利用电子健康记录的力量至关重要。需要有用的分析工具、技术、数据库和方法来增强临床、实验室和公共卫生系统的联网与互操作性,同时在有效平衡的基础上解决与医疗保健数据隐私和保护相关的伦理和社会问题。开发用于临床数据提取、汇总、管理和分析的多功能机器学习平台,可以通过高效地对受试者进行分层,帮助临床医生了解具体情况并优化决策。在医疗保健中实施人工智能是一个引人注目的愿景,它有可能显著改善以更低成本实现提供实时、更个性化和群体医疗目标的状况。在本研究中,我们专注于分析和讨论各种已发表的人工智能和机器学习解决方案、方法及观点,旨在推动学术解决方案,为医疗保健领域以数据为中心的新发现时代铺平道路。