Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2020 Mar;164(1):1-22. doi: 10.5507/bp.2020.010. Epub 2020 Mar 17.
Chronic exposure to solar radiation is related to an increased incidence of various skin disorders, including premature skin aging and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Ultraviolet (UV) photons in particular are responsible for skin damage. Solar UV photons mainly belong to UVA wavebands, however UVA radiation has been mostly ignored for a long time. At the cellular level, UVA photons mainly provoke indirect oxidative damage to biomolecules via the massive generation of unstable and highly reactive compounds. Human skin has several effective mechanisms that forestall, repair and eliminate damage caused by solar radiation. Regardless, some damage persists and can accumulate with chronic exposure. Therefore, conscious protection against solar radiation (UVB+UVA) is necessary. Besides traditional types of photoprotection such as sunscreen use, new strategies are being searched for and developed. One very popular protective strategy is the application of phytochemicals as active ingredients of photoprotection preparations instead of synthetic chemicals. Phytochemicals usually possess additional biological activities besides absorbing the energy of photons, and those properties (e.g. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory) magnify the protective potential of phytochemicals and extracts. Therefore, compounds of natural origin are in the interest of researchers as well as developers. In this review, only studies on UVA protection with well-documented experimental conditions are summarized. This article includes 17 well standardized plant extracts (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., Punica granatum L., Polypodium aureum L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Lonicera caerulea L., Thymus vulgaris L., Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Morinda citrifolia L., Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok, Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz et Pavón, Hippophae rhamnoides L., Cola acuminata Schott & Endl., Theobroma cacao L. and Amaranthus cruentus L.) and 26 phytochemicals.
慢性暴露于太阳辐射与各种皮肤疾病的发病率增加有关，包括皮肤过早老化以及黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌。特别是紫外线（UV）光子会导致皮肤损伤。太阳 UV 光子主要属于 UVA 波段，然而，长期以来，UVA 辐射一直被忽视。在细胞水平上，UVA 光子主要通过大量产生不稳定且高反应性的化合物来引发生物分子的间接氧化损伤。人体皮肤具有几种有效的机制，可以阻止、修复和消除太阳辐射造成的损伤。尽管如此，一些损伤仍然存在，并可能随着慢性暴露而累积。因此，有意识地进行针对太阳辐射（UVB+UVA）的防护是必要的。除了传统的防晒措施，如使用防晒霜外，还在寻找和开发新的策略。一种非常流行的保护策略是将植物化学物质作为防晒制剂的活性成分来代替合成化学品。植物化学物质除了吸收光子的能量外，通常还具有其他生物活性，这些特性（如抗氧化、抗炎）放大了植物化学物质和提取物的保护潜力。因此，天然来源的化合物是研究人员和开发者感兴趣的对象。在本综述中，仅总结了具有良好记录的实验条件下的 UVA 保护研究。本文包括 17 种经过充分标准化的植物提取物（茶树（Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze）、水飞蓟（Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.）、石榴（Punica granatum L.）、金毛狗脊（Polypodium aureum L.）、欧洲越桔（Vaccinium myrtillus L.）、蓝靛果忍冬（Lonicera caerulea L.）、普通百里香（Thymus vulgaris L.）、仙人掌（Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.）、诺丽果（Morinda citrifolia L.）、库拉索芦荟（Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.）、月见草（Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok）、三叶鬼针草（Galinsoga parviflora Cav.）、四裂叶豚草（Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz et Pavón）、沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides L.）、可乐果（Cola acuminata Schott & Endl.）、可可（Theobroma cacao L.）和苋菜（Amaranthus cruentus L.））和 26 种植物化学物质。
