篮球运动员根据竞技水平和个体反应的身体能力的季节性变化。
Seasonal changes in physical capacities of basketball players according to competitive levels and individual responses.
机构信息
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona, Varese, Italy.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2020 Mar 19;15(3):e0230558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230558. eCollection 2020.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to quantify changes in physical capacities of thirty-eight basketball players selected from different teams, as well as from varying competitive levels (i.e. Division I, Division II and Division III) during the preparation and in-season periods.
METHODS
Pre (T1) and post (T2) preparation period and during regular season (T3), the players completed a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test-level 1. Following a 3 to 8 days-break, players performed a 6-min continuous running test (Mognoni's test), a counter-movement jump test and a 5-min high-intensity intermittent running test.
RESULTS
Blood lactate concentration measured after the Mognoni's test was significantly reduced from T1 to T2, and from T2 to T3 (P<0.001, ƞ2 = 0.424). The distance covered during the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test was significantly increased only from T1 to T2 in Division II and III (P<0.001, ƞ2 = 0.789). Similarly, the physiological responses to high-intensity intermittent running test were improved only from T1 to T2 (all P<0.001, ƞ2 = 0.495 to 0.652). Despite significant changes observed in running tests from T1 to T2, at individual level 35-55% of players did not show a very likely improvement. Relative peak power produced during vertical jumps at T3 by Division I players was increased compared to T1 (ANOVA interaction, P = 0.037, ƞ2 = 0.134).
CONCLUSIONS
The main improvements in physical capacities occurred during the preparation period, when the aerobic fitness and the ability to sustain high-intensity intermittent efforts were moderately-to-largely improved. However, it appears that the preparation period does not consistently impact on vertical jump variables. Aerobic fitness and force/power production during vertical jumps appear to improve across the competitive season (slightly-to-moderately). Physical tests should be used to identify weaknesses in physical performance of players and to monitor their fatigue status, with the aim to develop individualized training programs.
目的
本研究旨在量化 38 名篮球运动员在准备和赛季期间不同团队和不同竞技水平（即 I 级、II 级和 III 级）的体能变化。
方法
在准备期（T1）和后期（T2）以及常规赛期间（T3），运动员完成了 Yo-Yo 间歇性恢复测试 1 级。休息 3 至 8 天后，运动员进行了 6 分钟连续跑步测试（莫尼奥尼测试）、反跳测试和 5 分钟高强度间歇跑步测试。
结果
莫尼奥尼测试后测量的血乳酸浓度从 T1 到 T2，从 T2 到 T3 显著降低（P<0.001，ƞ2 = 0.424）。仅在 II 级和 III 级中，Yo-Yo 间歇性恢复测试的距离从 T1 到 T2 显著增加（P<0.001，ƞ2 = 0.789）。同样，高强度间歇跑步测试的生理反应仅从 T1 到 T2 得到改善（所有 P<0.001，ƞ2 = 0.495 至 0.652）。尽管 T1 到 T2 的跑步测试观察到显著变化，但在个体水平上，35-55%的运动员并没有表现出非常可能的改善。与 T1 相比，I 级运动员在 T3 时垂直跳跃的相对峰值功率增加（ANOVA 交互，P = 0.037，ƞ2 = 0.134）。
结论
体能的主要改善发生在准备期间，此时有氧适能和维持高强度间歇努力的能力得到了适度到较大的提高。然而，似乎准备期并没有一致地影响垂直跳跃变量。整个赛季（轻微到中度），有氧适能和垂直跳跃中的力量/功率产生似乎都有所提高。应使用体能测试来确定运动员体能表现的弱点，并监测他们的疲劳状态，目的是制定个性化的训练计划。
Zotero 插件