Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Universities and Research District, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 May;27(15):18463-18474. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08332-z. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
The potential usage of cyanobacteria and microalgae as a promising and alternative source for new and safe therapeutic compounds is recently caught the attention, due to its versatile properties as antitumor, antioxidant, antifungal, and antiviral agents. Primarily, the cyanobacteria and microalgae from fresh and marine water are previously studied, however those isolated from soil and agriculture drain water were poorly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to screen and characterize the antioxidant profile, as well as the potential anticancer assessment of 12 species of cyanobacteria and two species of microalgae strains isolated from soil and agriculture drain water. The data showed that total phenol contents were highest in Anabaena oryzae and Aphanizomenon gracile (27.39 and 26.83 mg GAE/g, respectively), followed by Leptolyngbya fragilis (22.96 mg GAE/g). Out of the 14 species identified, the cyanobacterium Dolichospermum flos-aquae HSSASE2 exhibited the most elevated antioxidant activity in terms of NO scavenging activity and anti-lipid peroxidation potential (IC = 28.7 ± 0.1 and 11.9 ± 0.2 μg/ml, respectively) and the lowest DPPH radical scavenging activity (467.7 μg/ml). Screening of the anticancer potential of all studied strains against four different human cancer cell lines (Caco-2, MCF-7, PC3, and HepG-2) demonstrated that Dolichospermum crassum HSSASE20 has the highest anticancer effect among all tested species against colon and prostate cancer cell lines (IC = 57.9 ± 0.4 and 44.1 ± 0.2 μg/ml, respectively), while Oscillatoria sancta HSSASE19 recorded the most anticancer effect against MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell line (IC = 15.1 ± 0.7 μg/ml). Dolichospermum spiroides HSSASE18 obtained the highest anticancer effect HepG-2 (hepatic cancer) cell line (IC = 48.8 ± 0.7 μg/ml). Additionally, cytotoxicity against healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells was studied and revealed that Oscillatoria sancta was the safest one among all studied strains. Data obtained from the sensitivity index demonstrated that Dolichospermum crassum was the most sensitive strain against the four cancerous cell lines. Cyanobacteria and microalgae from the soil and drain water sources are efficient free radical scavengers, containing apoptogens capable of stimulating apoptotic cascades and overcoming chemo-resistance in cancer therapy. Thus, these novel secondary metabolites are an excellent alternative, safe, and low-cost antioxidant and anticancer therapeutic compounds.
蓝细菌和微藻作为有前途的替代来源，可用于新的和安全的治疗化合物，由于其具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗真菌和抗病毒特性，因此最近引起了人们的关注。以前主要研究了淡水和海水中的蓝细菌和微藻，但对从土壤和农业排水中分离出的蓝细菌和微藻研究甚少。因此，本研究旨在筛选和表征 12 种蓝细菌和 2 种微藻的抗氧化特性，并评估其潜在的抗癌活性，这些蓝细菌和微藻均从土壤和农业排水中分离得到。数据显示，在总酚含量方面，Anabaena oryzae 和 Aphanizomenon gracile 最高（分别为 27.39 和 26.83 mg GAE/g），其次是 Leptolyngbya fragilis（22.96 mg GAE/g）。在所鉴定的 14 种物种中，蓝藻 Dolichospermum flos-aquae HSSASE2 在清除 NO 和抗脂质过氧化方面表现出最强的抗氧化活性（IC = 28.7 ± 0.1 和 11.9 ± 0.2 μg/ml），而 DPPH 自由基清除活性最低（467.7 μg/ml）。对所有研究菌株在四种不同的人类癌细胞系（Caco-2、MCF-7、PC3 和 HepG-2）中的抗癌潜力进行筛选表明，在所有测试的物种中，Dolichospermum crassum HSSASE20 对结肠和前列腺癌细胞系的抗癌效果最高（IC = 57.9 ± 0.4 和 44.1 ± 0.2 μg/ml），而 Oscillatoria sancta HSSASE19 对 MCF-7（乳腺癌）细胞系的抗癌效果最高（IC = 15.1 ± 0.7 μg/ml）。Dolichospermum spiroides HSSASE18 对 HepG-2（肝癌）细胞系的抗癌效果最高（IC = 48.8 ± 0.7 μg/ml）。此外，还研究了对健康外周血单核细胞的细胞毒性，结果表明 Oscillatoria sancta 是所有研究菌株中最安全的一种。从敏感性指数获得的数据表明，Dolichospermum crassum 是对四种癌细胞系最敏感的菌株。土壤和排水源中的蓝细菌和微藻是有效的自由基清除剂，含有能够刺激凋亡级联并克服癌症治疗中化疗耐药性的促凋亡物质。因此，这些新型的次生代谢物是一种极好的替代物，具有安全、低成本的抗氧化和抗癌治疗化合物的特性。
