The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Box 414, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010 Sep;7(9):3359-75. doi: 10.3390/ijerph7093359. Epub 2010 Aug 30.
The present paper explores the influence of the physical environmental qualities of "quiet". courtyards (degree of naturalness and utilization) on residents' noise responses. A questionnaire study was conducted in urban residential areas with road-traffic noise exposure between L(Aeq,24h) 58 to 68 dB at the most exposed façade. The dwellings had "quiet" indoor section/s and faced a "quiet" outdoor courtyard (L(Aeq,24h) < 48 dB façade reflex included). Data were collected from 385 residents and four groups were formed based on sound-level categories (58-62 and 63-68 dB) and classification of the "quiet" courtyards into groups with low and high physical environmental quality. At both sound-level categories, the results indicate that access to high-quality "quiet" courtyards is associated with less noise annoyance and noise-disturbed outdoor activities among the residents. Compared to low-quality "quiet" courtyards, high-quality courtyards can function as an attractive restorative environment providing residents with a positive soundscape, opportunities for rest, relaxation and play as well as social relations that potentially reduce the adverse effects of noise. However, access to quietness and a high-quality courtyard can only compensate partly for high sound levels at façades facing the streets, thus, 16% and 29% were still noise annoyed at 58-62 and 63-68 dB, respectively. Implications of the "quiet"-side concept are discussed.
本论文探讨了“安静”庭院的物理环境质量（自然度和利用率）对居民噪声响应的影响。在道路交通噪声暴露最严重的立面上，噪声级为 L(Aeq,24h)58 至 68dB 的城市住宅区进行了问卷调查研究。这些住宅有“安静”的室内部分/并面向“安静”的室外庭院（包括反射声的 L(Aeq,24h) < 48dB）。从 385 位居民中收集了数据，并根据声级类别（58-62 和 63-68dB）以及“安静”庭院的分类，将其分为低和高质量物理环境质量两组。在这两个声级类别中，结果表明，进入高质量“安静”庭院的居民受到的噪声烦恼和受噪声干扰的户外活动较少。与低质量“安静”庭院相比，高质量庭院可以作为一个有吸引力的恢复环境，为居民提供积极的声景、休息、放松和玩耍的机会以及社交关系，从而潜在地减少噪声的不利影响。然而，安静和高质量庭院的可及性只能部分补偿面向街道的立面上的高噪声水平，因此，分别有 16%和 29%的居民在 58-62 和 63-68dB 时仍感到噪声烦恼。还讨论了“安静”一侧概念的含义。
